CHANGES DURING PREGNANCY 559 



pregnancy, and the eosinophil cells of the glandular lobe are then 

 replaced by large neutrophil cells.^ 



(d.) The Skin. — The cause of the increased pigmentation of the 

 skin in pregnancy is little understood. It has been looked on as a 

 simple deposit of pigment, as the result of infection with the Micro^oron 

 furfur, the cause of pityriasis versicolor which not infrequently 

 attacks pregnant women, and as a subcutaneous haemorrhage.^ 

 ■Jeaunin ^ first suggested that it was derived from haemoglobin set 

 free by the solution of red blood corpuscles. According to Veit * the 

 haemolysis may be produced by the circulation- of syncytial elements 

 in the blood. The presence of iron in the pigment, though strongly 

 denied by Truzzi,^ has recently been demonstrated by WyChgel.^ He 

 -associates its presence with the frequent occurrence of hEemoglobinuria 

 in pregnancy. V. Fiirth and Schneider's suggestion that the pigment 

 is derived from tyrosin by the action of a placental tyrosinase is 

 mentioned elsewhere (Chapter X., p. 507). 



An abnormal development of the hair of the face and body is 

 ■occasionally seen in pregnancy (Slocum,' Halban *). Under the name 

 of dermographismus, Freund^ describes a phenomenon, often met 

 with in pregnancy, similar to the tache cirihrcde of meningitis and 

 ■other nervous affections. It may be elicited even in the early stages 

 ■of gestation, and is best shown by stroking the skin over the sternum 

 or fundus uteri. 



(e.) The Mammce. — -The growth of the mammary glands is brought 

 ubout by the development of new vesicles, the widening of existing 

 blood-channels, and the formation of new vessels.^" Even in the first 

 half of pregnancy, and sometimes in the first weeks, the mammas 

 <5ontain colostrum, a milky fluid composed of proteins, albumen, 

 globulin, and casein, the carbohydrate lactose, fat, free fatty acids, 

 lecithin, cholesterin, free glycero-phosphoric acid, and urea (Winter- 

 stein and Stickler 11). 



' Erdheim and Stumme, l/ber die Sc/iwangerschaftsveranderu7ig der Hypophyse. 

 Ziegler, Beitr. 2. pathol. Anat., vol. xlvi., 1909. 



^ See V. Winckel's Handhuch der Qeburtshulfe, vol. i., H. 1. 



^ Jeannin, " Observations pour servir a I'histoire du masque des femmes 

 enceintes," Oaz. Hehdom., 1868. 



* Veit and Soholten, " Synzytiolyse und Hamolyse," Zeitsch. f. Geburtsh. n. 

 Oyndk., vol. xlix., 1903. 



° Truzzi, "Ueber die Genese der Hyperohroniie der Haut in der Graviditat," 

 Monatsschr. f. Gehurtsh., vol. xi., 1898. ~ 



" Wychgel, " Untersuohungen liber das Pigment der Haut und den Urin 

 vyahrend der Schwangerschaft," Zeitsch. f. (JebtiHsh. u. Gyiiiil:, vol. xlvii. 



' Slocum, "Hair Development. in Pregnancy," yew York Med. Rec, 1875. 



8 Halban, "Zur Frage der Gra\'iditatsliypertricliose," Wii-n. Hin. Woch., 1907. 



^ Freund, "Die Haut bei Schwangeren," Verhandl. d. VI. deutsch. Dernuitologen- 

 Kongr. zu Strassbwg. 



1" See Chapter XIII. 



» Winterstein and Stickler, " Die chemisohe Zusammensetzung des Colos- 

 trums," Zeitsch. f. physiol. Chem., vol. xlvii., 1906. 



