76 



narrow end of the scale, and in the space between it and the 

 other end will be found from fifteen to one hundred very 

 small whitish eggs. These hatch during the latter part of May 

 or early in June, according to the progress of the season, into 

 very tiny whitish animals just visible to the eye, and generally 

 called "crawling young." They crawl about for a few bom's 

 to a day or so, then locate at some spot and force their long 

 sucking beaks through the bark until they reach the sap. On 

 this they feed, sucking it into their bodies. Scale soon begins 

 to form over and cover them, and by the end of August these 

 arc complete and the insects have become full grown. Eggs 

 are now laid under the scales and the parents die, there being 

 in ^Massachusetts only one generation a year. 



Control for this insect is the same as for the scurfy scale 

 and is given below. 



The Scurfy Scale. 

 This scale in many ways resembles the oyster-shell scale. 

 It differs from it, however, as follows: The scale is shorter 

 and broader, being rather pear-shaped; its color is white instead 



of brown or gray; and the 

 eggs and crawling young 

 are purple instead of nearly 

 white. In other regards the 

 facts given above for the 

 oyster-shell scale are true 

 for this insect also. 



Control for the oyster- 

 shell and scurfy scales can 

 to some extent be obtained 

 by spraying infested trees 

 with the lime-sulfur wash as 

 given under the San Jose 

 scale below. In most cases, 

 however, this is not suffi- 

 cient, and spraying with 

 nicotine sulfate, 40 per cent, using 1 part of this in about 600 

 parts of ^vater as soon as the crawling young are seen, followed 

 by a second treatment about ten days later, is desirable. Kero- 

 sene emulsion (see directions for making on page 108) may be used 

 instead of the nicotine sulfate, but is not as effective. 



Scurfy scale: a, female, 6, male scales, natural 

 size, on twigs; c, female scale, much en- 

 larged; d, male scale, much enlarged. 

 (Howard, United States Department Ag- 

 riculture, Yearbook, 1894.) 



