104 



Pink-Mold. 

 This fungus, CephalotheciuTn roseum, occurs only on stored 

 fruit. It occasionally follows scab, growing on the scab spots 

 through which it enters the flesh of the apple, causing it to 

 decay. The decayed flesh is firm, corky and bitter to the 

 taste. The presence of the mold is evidenced by pink tufts 

 on. the surface of the fruit. It develops slowly in cold storage. 

 This trouble is of little importance in Massachusetts. 



Scald. 

 This trouble is often very disastrous to apples which have 

 been improperly handled and stored. It is not caused by an 

 organism, but by gases given off by the fruit itself. It is 

 usually evident as an irregular, spreading area on the green 

 side of the fruit. The brown discoloration extends but little 

 beneath the skin, and only after other rot-prodUcing organisms 

 have entered through the injured area does the flesh become 

 decayed. Scald is usually the result of storing under poor 

 ventilation, which allows the gases to accumulate. It is more 

 apt to occur on fruit that is picked green than that which is 

 well ripened on the tree. Large quantities of warm fruit 

 placed in a poorly ventilated room are likely to develop scald. 

 High temperatures promote scalding. Stored in ventilated 

 containers in well-ventilated rooms at low temperatures, ap- 

 ples will not become badly scalded. By wrapping the fruit 

 in oiled paper, scald may be entirely prevented. Oils absorb 

 the gases which cause scald. 



Miscellaneous Injuries. 



All the aforementioned troubles of the apple have definite, 

 distinctive characteristics which stamp them as definite dis- 

 eases. Most of them are due to the parasitic attack of specific 

 organisms, but a few are brought about by purely physical 

 agencies which interfere with normal functions and life proc- 

 esses of the host. 



Among these latter may also be classed such injuries, and 

 their effects on, the tree or fruit, as sun-scald, frost-cracks, 

 winter-injury, spray-injury and a "^'ariety of other mechanical 



