144 



This system can be very easily modified for the packing of 

 apples in closed packages for interstate or foreign trade. A 

 packing pad is not needed. The bottom, which will be the 

 permanent top, is nailed on first, instead of the permanent 

 bottom. Corrugated layer paper is placed in the package, 

 smooth side up. The remainder of the packing is done as 

 suggested above, except that in smoothing the top off care 

 should be exercised to get the level of the apples about one- 

 third of an inch above top of box. A corrugated layer paper 

 is placed on, and the top which will be the permanent bottom 

 is pressed down with a box press. After the top is nailed the 

 package is reversed, stenciled or marked, and is ready for 

 long-distance shipment or storage. 



The system of rowing apples and placing three or four such 

 layers in the box, one apple upon the other, doubtless will be 

 continued by apple growers when using the standard bushel 

 box. 



The jumble pack undoubtedly will be very generally used 

 for packing the bulk of the apple crop in the standard bushel 

 box. This pack should be greatly improved upon during the 

 next few years. As practiced at present it consists of simply 

 placing the apples in the packages by grades. The apples on 

 the top are generally carefully placed so as to give a fairly 

 level surface and good appearance. So far as possible, growers 

 attempt to show the cheek of the apples. 



Risers. 



Risers are blocks or strips of wood nailed upon the ends of 

 the boxes so that other boxes may safely be placed upon 

 them without danger of bruising the apples. The size of the 

 risers has varied from three-sixteenths of an inch to 2 inches 

 in thickness. The growers are standardizing the size at present 

 so that the larger share from now on will be of the five-eighths 

 of an inch size. 



