THE MANAGEMENT OF BERS. 241 
On or after the emerging of the first queen, the remaining queen cells 
‘are usually destroyed. This is not always done, however, and hence 
the issuing of several small swarms (after swarms), subsequent to the 
first or prime swarm results. The swarm after issuing, if not taken 
care of by the bee keeper, seeks a home in some hollow tree or else- 
where. The parent colony acquires strength from the brood left by 
the old queen, and later from the progeny of the young queen, which 
emerges from one of the queens cells built under the swarming im- 
pulse. The young or virgin queen, before she becomes the mother of 
the colony, must first meet the drone or male bee and become mated. 
This takes place outside of the hive, and in flight and probably occurs 
only once in the lifetime of the queen. After mating, the young queen 
returns to the hive and in a few days takes up her duties as the mother 
Fig. 4.—Queen cells. 
of the colony. Eggs from which drones are hatched are not fertilized 
by the queen, i. e., they do not receive any spermatozoa, or male sex 
cells, as do the worker eggs. This is what is known as partheno- 
genetic development. A young queen on failing to mate with the drone 
will sometimes start egg laying. These hatch only drones. Sometimes 
when a colony is deprived of a queen for a long time, the worker bees, 
being undeveloped females, will start egg laying. Such eggs also 
hatch out drones. An old queen will sometimes lay eggs, which hatch 
drones only probably because of exhaustion of her supply of sperma- 
tozoa. , 
This is only a very brief outline of some of the activities of the hive. 
A knowledge of bee behavior is essential to the successful handling of 
bees, and the bee keeper gradually acquires a few principles, which he 
unconsciously applies in working with the bees. Far too little is 
