54 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 



unity displayed by the soils overlying the Drift gravels of Stark county, 

 and the drift clays of the Western Reserve ; but the prevailing charac- 

 ter of soil is that of the large territory lying within the coal basin, and 

 beyond the reach of the Drift. The surface features of all this great 

 district I have remarked upoia elsewhere. It finds exemplification in Co- 

 lumbiana, Carroll, Harrison, and other counties south. The surface is 

 rolling, with rounded hills, separated by bread valleys from one hundred 

 to three hundred feet lower than the hilltops. Though so much diversi- 

 fied, this surface is nowhere barren ; the hills are frequently steep, but 

 almost never broken, and are composed of sheets of sandstone, shale, 

 limestone, fire-clay, coal, etc., which, furnishing material for the soil, im- 

 part fertility even to the highest summits. Hence, it is not uncommon 

 to see luxuriant crops of corn growing on the most elevated surfaces, and 

 to find a prevailing productiveness, which is quite independent of the 

 topography, and which is sure to excite the wonder of those who have 

 formed their ideas of agriculture in regions where the valleys are fertile 

 and the hills are barren. 



GEOLOGICAL STEUCTUEE. 



Tuscarawas county lies entirely in the coal area, and no rocks come 

 to the surface within its' limits except such as belong to the Coal 

 Measures These include all the lower groups of coals, with the excep- 

 tion of the lowest, and there is, perhaps, in no other county of the State 

 a better exhibition of the Lower Coal Measures. Many of the highest 

 hills also include a portion of the Barren Measures, but none rise high 

 enough to reach the Pittsburgh seam (Coal No. 8), the first in ascending 

 order of the upper series of coals. The general geological structure of 

 the county will be seen at a glance by referring to the engraved sections 

 given in this report, as these were taken at points somewhat remote 

 from each other, and where the greatest geological intervals are exhibited. 



An analysis of these sections, with descriptions of the distribution, 

 character, and local development of each of the useful minerals found in 

 the series, are given below, to which are added some notes on the geology 

 of the most important topographical subdivisions of the county, and 

 tables of analyses of coals, iron ores, etc. 



COAL NO. 1. 



Coal No. 1 — the Massillon seam — has nowhere been opened in Tus- 

 carawas county, nor has it been found of workable thickness in any 

 borings. It is known to all who have had much experience in coal-min- 

 ing in the northern part of the State, and to those who have read our 



