66 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 



for many years. At Uhrichsville it is found in the valley of the Still- 

 water from twenty-five to thirty feet belosv Coal No. 6, three feet in 

 thickness ; it is here and at Dennison, according to the borings, ninety 

 feet above the limestone. 



On the east side of the Tuscarrwas valley, below New Philadelphia, 

 Coal No. 5 seems to be thin, and is scarcely worked at all. The same is 

 true of all the region lying between the valley of the Tuscarawas, and 

 that of the Conotton, and it is doubtful whether this coal has much value 

 south of Zoar Station and west of the Conotton. On the east side of the 

 Conotton, over a large area, between Waynesburg, Mineral Point, and 

 New Cumberland, it seems to be of good quality and thickness. 



Fire-clay. — Beneath Coal No. 5 is the most valuable bed of fire-clay in 

 the series, and one that now'serves as a basis for an important branch of 

 manufacture at Mineral Point and Dover. This fire-clay is always good, 

 but it exhibits considerable diversity of character. In some localities it 

 is quite plastic, while in others it is "non-plastic" or "flint" clay, is 

 free from injurious ingredients, and has been found to form a very supe- 

 rior material for the manufacture of fire-brick. This hard clay may be 

 recognized by its having somewhat the appearance of flint, and instead 

 of softening down to a paste, like most fire-clays, it breaks into small 

 angular fragments. In this respect it resembles the clay from which the 

 famous Mt. Savage fire-brick is made, and it seems to be of equally good 

 quality. When used for the manufacture of brick, it is coarsely ground, 

 and the fragments are then mixed with from one-sixth to one-tenth of 

 plastic clay, by which they are made to adhere and hold the form of the 

 mold. Large fire-brick factories are now in operation at Dover and Min- 

 eral Point. The first is owned by Messrs. Barrett & Rhodes, and the second 

 by Mr. C. E. Holden. From all the trials made of the fire-brick manufac- 

 tured at these localities, they are now reckoned not inferior in quality to 

 the Amboy or Mt. Savage brick. The clay used by Mr. Holden is mined 

 on his own property, at Mineral Point ; that used at Dover, is obtained 

 from the land of Geo. Lechner, at Mineral Point, and on i,he Watman 

 farm, between Dover and Zoar. The same stratum of hard clay is opened 

 near Bolivar, and supplies the material from which the "Bolivar Star 

 Brick" are made. 



A considerable quantity of the hard or "flint" clay is shipped from 

 Mineral Point, for manufacture in other counties. Much of itgoes to 

 Akron, where it is largely used by Mr. J. Parke Alexander, in one of the 

 varieties of excellent fire-brick made by him. 



Iron Ore. — Coal No. 5 is usually overlain by a black or gray shale, 

 which contains a notable quantity of iron, and this horizon has fur- 



