92 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 



From this description it will be seen that the lowest points topograph- 

 ically in the county are geologically the lowest, and the strata are so 

 regular and uniform in their arrangement that the sections afforded by 

 all the deeper valleys are essentially the same.* 



The lowest rocks actually exposed in the county are the sandstones and 

 shales which lie beneath Coal No. 3 of the Ohio series. Of these, a some- 

 what massive stratum of white sandstone forms the bed and iminediate 

 banks of the Little Beaver, from New Lisbon to Glasgow. 



Near the Ohio the stream cuts through this sandstone, and it will be 

 noticed as forming conspicuous shoulders in the bluffs. Above this lies 

 Coal No. 3, with its limestone, both of which may be traced from a point 

 several miles above New Lisbon nearly to the Ohio. 



On the North Fork of Little Beaver, from the mouth of Leslie's Run 

 to Fredericktown, these same strata are exposed, dipping with the stream 

 to its mouth. On Yellow Creek a similar section is exhibited. The 

 high lands which border the valley of this stream rise six hundred feet 

 above it at its mouth, three hundred and fifty feet at Salineville, and they 

 are capped on either side with the red shales of the Barren Measures', 

 which overlie the highest of the workable coals of the lower group. 



In the central and eastern portions of the county the summits of the 

 hills are formed by the same strata. For example : in Round Knob we 

 find one hundred and seventy feet of the upper portion composed of green 

 and red shales and red sandstone, typical representatives of the Barren 

 Measures ; then comes the Crinoidal limestone, which also runs through 

 the high lands bordering Yellow Creek; and beneath this another great 

 series of olive shales streaked with red, and two small coal seams (7a and 

 7&) just as we find them on the western border of the county and in the 

 high lands of Carroll. 



In the north-eastern corner of the county, near Palestine, the hills are 

 capped with the gray, green, and red shales of the Barren Measures, be- 

 neath which come Coal No. 7 (Burnett and Joy's seam), and next below 

 this the Carbon Hill or Four-foot seam, which is the representative 

 of the second seam in descending order, or Big Vein of Yellow Creek. 



In the south-eastern portion of the county the hills are found to have 

 the same general structure — a mass of barren shales forming their sum- 

 mits, beneath which are the representatives of the coal seams so exten- 

 sively worked at Palestine and Salineville, here unfortunately exhibit- 

 ' ' — ^ — — , — 



* The valleys of the Little Beaver and Yellow Creek are cut to -within one htindred 

 and fifty feet of the base of the Coal Measures, and it is probable that the old partly 

 filled valley of the Ohio passes below the' lower bed of coal. 



