GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 97 



in. the upper part of the valley — thicker below. Over this is found a 

 gray shale, and this supports a massive and coarse, often pebbly, yellow- 

 ish sandstone, that has frequently cut the shale entirely away, and 

 formed many "horsebacks" in the mines. This is, apparently, what is 

 known as the Mahoning sandstone in western Pennsylvania. It shows 

 the pebbly character, to which I have alluded, in many portions of Ohio, 

 as near Liverpool, in the eastern part of Columbiana county; in Tus- 

 carawas county, near Zoar, etc. ; and this serves as one of several 

 means for identifying the Big Vein of Salineville with the Big Vein of 

 the northern and eastern portion of Columbiana county, or Coal No. 6 of 

 Stark, Tuscarawas, Coshocton, etc. 



Above Coal No. 7 the prevailing rock is ochreous-yellow or olive-green 

 shale, often sandy, and, near Salineville, it contains, at its base, some 

 heavy masses of sandstone. Near the top of the green shale series is 

 commonly found a red shale, which deeply colors the summits and upper 

 portions of the slopes on either side of the valley. 



Above this we find from two to six feet of fossiliferous limestone (the 

 Crinoidal limestone) and a thin seam of coal. Over these are twenty to 

 thirty feet of green shale, covered, and sometimes replaced, by ferrugin. 

 ous sandstone, generally friable and yellow, but occasionally massive and 

 reddish. Fragments of this stratum may be seen in the hill- tops all the 

 way from Salineville to Linton. 



Salineville. — At Salineville Coals No. 6 and No. 7 have been very ex- 

 tensively mined by Messrs. James Farmer and John Hayes, by the Penn 

 sylvania and Ohio Coal Company, and by several other mining firms 

 Mr. Farmer was a pioneer in the development of the coal industry in this 

 locality, and to his energy is largely due the fact that Salineville has 

 been one of the chief contributors to the coal supply of Cleveland and 

 the Lake market. Coal No. 7 is here a very bright, silvery, and pure 

 coal, largely used and highly esteemed as a mill coal, and for this pur. 

 pose extensively shipped to Cleveland. It is about three and aialf feet 

 in thickness. 



At Salineville Station Coal No. 6 is from six to seven feet in thickness, 

 and lies near the grade of the road, or about three hundred feet above 

 Lake Erie. In this vicinity it shows, as do the other strata, numeroue 

 folds and much disturbance; it dips toward the north-east, and passes 

 below the level of the creek a few rods from the station.* Below this 

 point the limestone which lies beneath Coal No. 7 makes its appearance 



■ . . , 4 



* It rises rapidly in the opposite direction. At the salt well it is fifteen feet above 

 grade ; at the Pennsylvania and Ohio Company's mine, thirty feet, and one hundred rod» 

 above, seventy feet above the station. 



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