GEOLOGY OF OHIO, 1C9 



Beaver and at Salineville, the latter town taking its name from this fact, 

 but the cheapness with wMch salt has been produced in Michigan and 

 New York has caused most of the salt works of northern Ohio to become 

 unprofitable, and, as a consequence, many of Lhem have been abandoned. 



A similar cause has limited the production of hydraulic cement. That 

 made at New Lisbon is reported upon favorably by those who have used 

 it, and the condition of the old locks of the Sandy and Beaver Canal, 

 which wete laid up with it, prove that it is a strong and durable cement; 

 but the Lake markets are supplied in such abundance and so cheaply 

 from western New York, and the region bordering the Ohio, from Barnes- 

 ville, Belmont county, and Louisville, Kentucky, that the sales of cement 

 made here have been, and probably will continue to be, much restricted. 



In the cliff opposite the town of New Lisbon a section of nearly one 

 hundred feet of rock is exposed. Here the blue limestone lies a few feet 

 above the creek, and Coal No. 3 is seen under it, thinner than on the 

 north side of the valley. Above is a mass of black shale, twenty feet in 

 thickness, containing some iron ore, and apparently representing Coal No. 

 4. In this shale are large numbers of fossil moUusks {Solenemya radiata) ; 

 it is regularly stratified, and is evidently an aqueous deposit. We have 

 here an interesting exhibition of the changes which sometimes take 

 place in coal seams. Coal No. 4 is the seam known as the Strip Vein at 

 Hammondsville and Linton, the upper seam cut in thu Salem Shaft, and 

 the coal worked at Albany and Leetonia. In all these localities it is a 

 remarkably pure coking coal. Further north, however, in Canfield and 

 Berlin townships, Mahoning county, it is a very variable seam, some- 

 times becoming cannel throughout, and from five to six feet in thickness; 

 sometimes half cannel and half cubical coal, and about four feet thick; 

 oftener still, a seam of bituminous coal, two and a half feet thick, with 

 six to ten inches of cannel at the top. In passing from Green Village to 

 New Lisbon, this coal is seen to diminish in thickness, while the associ- 

 ated shale becomes thicker and more bituminous, until, finally, as I have 

 stated, the coal is entirely lost, the carbonaceous matter being distribu- 

 ted through a sufficient amount of earthy sediment to form nearly twenty 

 feet of bituminous shale. 



At Elkton, below New Lisbon, this black shale contains a.foot of bitu- 

 minous coal in its lower part. Four miles further down the creek, on the 

 Williams farm, the coal seam has increased to three and one half feet in 

 thickness, with another foot of coal five feet above it. Below it Coal No. 

 3 is seen, less than two feet in thickness. 



Midway of the cliff, opposite the town of New Lisbon, Coal No. 5 is 

 visible, but is here quite thin. It is found on both sides of the valley in 



