112 COLUMBIANA COUNTY. 



On the farm of Mr. Joseph Spence, at "West Point, Coal No. 6 is opened, 

 and he states there are three other seams above it. 



On the farm of Mr. H. Bennett, on the south side of the creek, at West 

 Point, Coal No. 7 is opened from three to three and a half feet thick, and 

 its quality is said to be excellent. 



In all this vicinity Coals No. 6 and No. 7 lie above drainage, are of 

 good, workable thickness, and in quality will compare with any other 

 eoals in the county. It is to be regretted that greater facilities for trans- 

 portation are not enjoyed by the inhabitants of Wayne and Madison 

 townships, since if a market could be opened for their coal, from its 

 quality and quantity it woald prove a source of great and constantly in- 

 creasing wealth. 



Valley of the Ohio. — In Liverpool and Yellow Creek townships the Coal 

 Measures are more deeply cut by the streams than in any other part of 

 the county. The valley of the Ohio opens all the lower coal strata, with 

 the exception of Coal No. 1, and it is doubtful whether this is of work- 

 able thickness. Abundant means of transportation are furnished both 

 by the river and railroad. It, unfortunately, happens, however, that the 

 coal seams which attain so great a development in most other parts of 

 the county, are here often diminished in thickness, or cut out by heavy 

 beds of sandstone, so that their value is greatly impaired. This defi- 

 ciency is, however, in large part, compensated for by the abundance and 

 excellence of the fire-clay, which is associated with one or more of the 

 coal seams. 



On the chart of sections taken along the course of the Ohio, and pub. 

 lished with Vol. II., the development of the coal seams in the bank of 

 the Ohio, between Wellsville and Liverpool, will be seen at a glance _ 

 Coals No. 3 and No. 4 are generally present in the hill, but are almost 

 universally thinner than further north ; neither of them attaining a 

 thickness of three feet. The fire clay under No. 3 is, however, of unnsuai 

 thickness, and that under No. 5 (?), as proved by extensive trials, is of 

 superior quality. These have already become the basis of a great indus- 

 try in the manufacture of earthenware, terra cotta, etc. — an industry 

 which has mainly centered at Liverpool and Wellsville, and yields a 

 gross annual product of more than half a million of dollars. 



Coal No. 6, and, occasionally, Coal No. 7, are found higher up in the 

 hills, of workable thickness ; they no where^ however, attain such dimen- 

 sions as about West Point, or in the valley of Yellow Creek. 



At Smith's Ferry, on the State line, the following section is exhibited: 



rr. IN. 



1. Slope, covered, reported to contain a seam of slaty coal ten inches 



thick 60 



