COLUMBIANA COUNTY. 113 



2. Masaive sandstone, fine conglomerate (Mahoning) 6 to 75 



3. Sanely shale, in places waLting 6 



4. Coal, soft and sulphurous, -with parting ten inches from bottom 



(No. 6) 4 



5. Fire-clay 4 



6. Limestone 2 



7. Interval, with some outcrops of shale and sandstone, said to con- 



tain non-plastic clay eight feet thick 125 



8. Sandy shale 10 



9. Block coal (strip vein), good for blacksmiths' use (No. 4) 2 



10. Shale and clay 15 



11. Coal, " clay seam" (creek vein), No. 3, very sulphurous 2 6 



12. Fire-clay '. .*. 8 to 10 



13. Cannel coal, reported 1 6 



14. Slope, covered to river 75 



The bed of the river is here sandstone, reported to contain a thin coal; 

 and it is also reported that a thick seam of coal was here passed in 

 boring at one hundred and forty feet below the surface of the Ohio; or 

 one hundred and ninety to one" hundred and ninety-five feet below the 

 railroad. Too much confidence should not be placed in the accuracy of 

 this statement, but it is quite certain that a coal seam, of workable 

 thickness, was passed through at about the depth specified, in some of 

 the oil wells bored at Smith's Ferry. As a general rule, those who bored 

 for oil profess to have met with no coal, but their testimony is of little 

 value, since the boring was usually done with a rope, no attention being 

 given to the character of the strata passed through, and nothing having 

 any value in the eyes of the operator but the oil, which was the special 

 object of search. It is quite possible, too, that the lower seam is as irreg- 

 ular here as elsewhere, and that it is thin or wanting over a large part 

 of the territory which has been bored for oil. 



The clay under No. 3 has been opened near Smith's Ferry for the man- 

 ufacture of fire-brick, but the enterprise is now at a standstill. The 

 "block coal" (No. 4) has been mined, and is used in several places be- 

 tween Smith's Ferry and Liverpool. It is said to be of excellent quality, 

 as it is, indeed, along all its line of outcrop, down to the mouth of Yellow 

 Creek, and up the valley of that stream to Irondale. 



In the valley of Dry Run, and that of Little Beaver, near its mouth, 

 the sections of the coal strata are not fully exposed ; but the shales, coal 

 seams, and fire-clay seem to be largely replaced by beds of sandstone, the 

 products of rapid currents of water, which cut away the softer materials, 

 and left barren masses of sand in their places. 



In the section taken at Harrison's pottery, one mile east of Liverpool,. ' 

 8 



