COLUMBIANA COUNTY. 115 



FT. IN. 



10. Coal, Tvith much sulphur 1^ to 2 J 



11. Fire-clay, worked' 12 



12. Shale and sandstone 108 



13. Gray and black shale 10 to 15 



14. Fire-clay (locally, two to six feet) 10 to 18 



15. Coal ~ 2-4 



16. Slope, to railroad _ 40 



The manufacture of pottery is rapidly advancing in Liverpool. There 

 are now twenty-two establishments devoted to it here, five of which are 

 making excellent iron-stone china; all the materials for the latter, how- 

 ever, being imported, their best clay coming from Indiana. 



At Wellsville the hills bordering the Ohio are composed of the follow- 

 ing materials : 



FT. nf. 



1. Slope, mainly shales 280 



2. Coal (reported) not opened 3 



3. Sandstone 45 



4. Gray, sandy shales 50 



5. Argillaceous shale 25 



6. Black bituminous shale 2 



7. Coal 1 4 



8. Fire-clay, shale, and shaly sandstone ... 1 50 



9. Argillaceous shale 15 to 20 



10. Sandstone 45 



11. Gray and black shale 5 



12. CoalNo.3 2 6 



13. Fire-clay, used for drain-pipe 10 



14. Shaly sandstone to railroad 35 



By comparing the foregoing sections, recently taken, with each other, 

 and with those given on Chart No. 3, which accompanies Vol. II., it will 

 be seen that there are considerable differences in the exposures even at 

 neighboring points; but this is chiefly due to the cause already referred 

 to, viz., the local replacement of the coals by heavy beds of sandstone. 

 Any one who will take the trouble, however, to follow down the river 

 from Smith's Ferry to Wellsville, will see that there is no general or 

 considerable change in the geological structure throughout the interval, 

 and certain of the beds can be traced almost continuously from one point 

 to the other. 



The coal seams of this part of the county do not compare favorably 

 with their outcrops in the valleys of the Yellow Creek and the Little 

 Beaver, and this cause, together with the low price at which the excel- 

 lent Pittsburgh coal is delivered here by river, has operated to limit the 

 amount of coal mined in this region. Almost none has been taken out 

 here except for home consumption. 



