118 GilOLOGY OF OHIO. 



ren Measures crown the hill-tops along the Ohio and its tributaries, we 

 see that all the really valuable coal seams of the lower group, as devel- 

 oped here, are fully exposed to view, and that there is no probability of 

 the discovery hereafter, in this district, of valuable deposits of coal, iron, 

 or clay, in addition to those now known to exist. 



Gets Wells. — All the wells mentioned by Mr. Dickey were bored for oil 

 or salt, but the flow of gas from some of them has since prompted special 

 eiforts to obtain gas that might be used for heating and lighting. Sev- 

 eral of these efforts have been attended with success, and gas derived 

 from gas wells makes quite an important contribution to the comfort and 

 revenues of the inhabitants of this section of the county. At Liverpool 

 Messrs. Laughlin Bros., manufacturers of iron-stone china, have snnk a 

 well to the depth of five hundred and eighty feet, from which they ob- 

 tain gas for heating their boilers and for lighting all their buildings. 

 Mr. Thompson's store also is lighted by the gas from another well. A.t 

 Jethro there are several wells producing gas, which is used for lighting 

 houses. One of these has been purchased by Mr. William Brunt, with 

 the intention of transporting the gas to Liverpool. 



Oil Wells. — Just above the mouth of the Little Beaver the coal seams 

 are in part replaced by heavy beds of sandstone, and in some of the sec- 

 tions taken there only one workable seam of coal is found, and this less 

 than three feet in thickness. Numerous borings for oil in this vicinity 

 have also generally failed to give evidence of important beds of coal be- 

 low the river level. In some of them, however, coal was struck at some- 

 thing like one hundred and fifty feet from the surface, under black shale, 

 and between two massive sandrocks, one of which I have supposed to be 

 the Massillon sandstone, the other, perhaps, the Conglomerate. 



Most of the borings penetrate deeply into and sometimes through the 

 Waverly formation, and the oil of this region plainly comes from a still 

 deeper source, probably from the same formation with that which sup- 

 plies the oil of Oil Creek, viz , the Huron shale. 



The quantity of oil obtained here has always been relatively small, 

 yet the aggregate product of several hundred wells has been such as to 

 make this industry an important one. Very little is, however, now pro- 

 duced from the wells situated within the limits of Columbiana county. 



The Valley of the Little Beaver. — ^A few miles above the mouth of the 

 Little Beaver the banks of this stream are quite rich in useful minerals, 

 as will be seen by the following section taken on the farm of Charles 

 Fulke, Esq., three miles from Glasgow : 



FT. IN. 



1. Shale and sandstone 50 



2. CoalNo.7 3 



3. Fire-clay 3 



