COLUMBIANA COUNTY. 123 



bed of Bull Creek. If this conjecture is correct, it shows that under some 

 portion of this section of the country the Briar Hill coal may hereafter 

 be opened by shafting. In this boring, at the depth of seventy-six feet 

 from the surface, a coal seam one foot in thickness was passed through, 

 which apparently represents Coal No. 2. 



Line of the Pittsburgh, Ft. Wayne, and Chicago Eailroad. 



At Palestine, and in various other localities along the Pittsburgh and 

 Ft. Wayne Railroad, east and west of the State line, Coals Nos. 6 and 7 

 are opened, and have been worked for the supply of the railroad company 

 and for transportation elsewhere. 



Among the best known of the mines in this series are what are known 

 as the "Carbon Hill Mines," near Palestine. These are opened on Coal 

 No. 6, which is here about four feet in thickness. As through most of 

 the county, and in western Pennsylvania, this coal seam (the Upper 

 Freeport) is separated, by the fire-clay only, from the " White " or " Free- 

 port limestone," about fifty feet above No. 6, the interval being filled by 

 shale and sandstone. Coal No. 7 is found three feet in thicknes?, and of 

 very good quality. It has been worked now for some time at Palestine, 

 in the mine of Messrs. Lawtons & Bye, formerly Burnett & Joy. Above 

 it the hill-tops are composed, mainly, of gray shale, with some layers of 

 red shale, which mark this as a portion of the Barren Measures. 



The following is a section of the coal strata in the vicinity of Palestine : 



FT, IN. 



1. Gray and red shale 70 



2. Coal 3 



3. Fire-clay 6 



4. Shale 15 



5. Sandstone 12 



6. Shale 6 



7. Coal(No.6) 4 6 



8. Fire-clay, mined for use 6 to 8 



9. Limestone 2 to 4 



10. Shale and sandstone, containing thin seam of coal 27 



11. Coal 1 



12. Fire-clay 3 



13. Limestone 4 



14. Shales .' i 70 to 80 



15. Blue limestone 1 to 2 



* 



16. Gray shale, Tvith iron ore ,, 30 



17. Black shale, with thin seam of coal 4 



18. Fire-clay 5 



19. Gray and blue shales, with much iron ore, to Leslie's Run 15 



In the north-eastern part of Columbiana county, in the townships of 

 Salem, Fairfield, and Unity, the hills often contain Coal No. 6 near their 



