124 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 



summits, but it is generally thin. Below this, Coal No. 5 is either want- 

 ing or too thin to be workable ; still lower, and generally near the level 

 of the valleys, is Coal No. 4, which is sometimes cannel, sometimes part 

 cannel- and part cubical coal, and in still other localities, as at Leetonia, 

 Washingtonville, etc., is a thin but very pure bituminous coal. 



At Unity coal has been struck in a well near the saw-mill, sixty-two 

 feet below the surface at Unity Center, which is about two hundred feet 

 above Palestine. No facts were furnished which would serve for the 

 identification of the coal. In section 16, Unity township, a,t Davis's 

 Mine, coal is worked sixty feet below the surface. It is about five feet in 

 thickness, in two benches, the upper two feet three inches, cannel, the 

 lower two feet nine inches, bituminous. From its altitude, this coal was 

 supposed to belong to a different seam from the cannel so generally worked 

 in the southern townships of Mahoning county, but from the character 

 of the coal this would seem to be the most natural inference. 



At Leetonia Coal No. 4 is quite largely mined, and forms the basis of 

 an extensive iron industry in this locality. It is only from twenty- 

 eight to thirty inches in thickness, but is remarkably pure, and makes 

 a coke of superior quality. 



At the coal works of the Cherry Valley Iron Company, at Leetonia, 

 the coal is mined by a slope, at the depth of seventy feet from the sur- 

 face. It is here twenty-eight inches in thickness, in two benches, the upper 

 one eight inches thick, the lower one twenty. It is overlain by black 

 and gray shale which contains a notable quantity of iron, as is usually 

 the case at this horizon. One mile east of Leetonia, on the Pittsburgh, 

 Port Wayne and Chicago Railroad, a new mine has just been opened on 

 Coal No. 4 by Messrs. Delo, Van Fleet & Co., in vphich the coal appears 

 to be of very good quality. It is thirty-three inches "in thickness, with 

 three inches of cannel on the top, and this overlain by the usual heavy 

 iron shale. 



At the nail factory at Leetonia a well has been bored, nominally for 

 water, but possibly for gas, or with a view to reach Coal No. 1. A care- 

 ful record is being kept of this boring, which, it is said, will be carried 

 down several hundred feet. The results of this experiment may be of 

 great importance to the localities where it is made. 



At Washingtonville Coal No. 4 lies twenty feet higher than at Lee- 

 tonia. Its associated strata are : 



FT. IN. 



1. Grayshale 



2. Shale, with iron ore 2 



3. Black shale 5 



4. Blackhand iron ore to 10 



5. Coal, upper six inches slaty 2J to 2i 



