140 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 



the north. At Ravenna the place of the coal is probably not far from 

 the level of the intersection of the Cleveland and Pittsburgh and Atlan- 

 tic and Great Western Railroads, or about five hundred feet above Lake 

 Erie. 



Coal No. 1 has been opened, and is now quite extensively mined, in 

 Palmyra. It here exhibits the same general features, both as regards 

 thickness and quality, as the coal of the neighboring counties of Mahon- 

 ing and Trumbull. The coal mining of Palmyra is principally done by 

 the Western Reserve Coal Company, to a member of which company, 

 Mr. W. B. Wilson, of Palmyra, I am indebted for much valuable inform- 

 ation concerning the operations of his own company, and in regard to 

 other developments of coal made in this township. The coal mined by 

 the Western Reserve Coal Company is reached by a shaft which is eighty- 

 one feet deep to the coal, or ninety-five feet from the tip. It is reported 

 that in sinking the shaft eighteen feet of earth was first passed through' 

 and then sixty-three feet of rock, mainly shale, in which were two strata 

 of "kidney" ore. The coal varies from two to four feet in thickness, 

 being thickest in a "swamp" which runs north-west and south-east in a 

 tortuous course. On each side of this crooked basin the coal rises and 

 thins, and is worked to the thickness of two feet. The company is taking 

 out about four thousand tons per annum, selling it at the mine at three 

 dollars per ton. The coal is of excellent quality, being very free from 

 sulphur, and containing little ash. It is a block coal, finely laminated 

 with charcoal seams, and is not surpassed in quality by any coal in the 

 State outside of the Mahoning Valley. According to our barometric 

 measurements by a single line of observations, the center of Palmyra is 

 one hundred and twenty feet above Ravenna Station, or six hundred and 

 fifty feet above Lake Erie. The tip of the coal company's shaft is four 

 hundred and thirty feet above Lake Erie, and the coal three hundred and 

 thirty- five feet, above the Lake. Owing to the variability of the barom- 

 eter, these figures can not be relied upon as absolutely correct. The West- 

 ern Reserve Coal Company has two hundred acres of coal land in the 

 eastern part of Palmyra, on the center road. How large a part of those 

 two hundred acres is underlain by coal of workable thickness has not yet 

 been ascertained. Other companies have been making explorations in 

 this neighborhood, and report about two hundred acres of good coal land 

 in addition to that before mentioned. 



In the north-western part of the township some three hundred acres of 

 coal property are said to have been tested, and the coal is reported to be 

 from three to four feet in thickness. Coal has also been found in the 

 north-eastern and south-western parts of the township. We thus have 



