180 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 



ern portion of Lojidon township, a coal is said to have been seen in plow- 

 ing on top of high hills. If this be true, as is quite likely, the coal is 

 the Pittsburgh or No. 8 of the Ohio section. Fragments of the limestone 

 underlying that coal were observed at several points in these townships, 

 showing that the coal at one time reached well up into this county. 

 From this horizon downwards, about one hundred and thirty feet, to the 

 Crinoidal limestone, the interval is occupied by sandstones and argilla- 

 ceous shales, with a non-persistent limestone about midway, one foot 

 thick, and non-fossiliferous. The Crinoidal limestone is well marked, but 

 shows some interesting variations. It does not seem to reach further to 

 the north-west than Carrollton, where it is seen only on the top of the 

 ridge. On the road from that village to Harlem it is first seen at a dis- 

 tance of about one mile. It is here very coarse grained, with a rude 

 fracture like that of sandstone, and is not so rich in fossils ,as usual. A 

 short distance beyond it resumes its ordinary character — dingy gray on 

 the weathered surface — occurring in rude quadrangular blocks, and when 

 broken showing a dull brown color. The fossils here are very numerous, 

 but do not weather free from the rock, as they do not differ from it in 

 hardness. The surface, consequently, is covered with sections of moUusca 

 and crinoidal fragments, and only a few good specimens of Lophophyllum 

 proliferum, Retzia punctilifera, and Athyris svLtilita were obtained. The 

 thickness of the stratum can not well be determined here, as there is 

 no satisfactory exposure. Followed toward Harlem this limestone is 

 seen to become double, the two layers separating more and more until, 

 at Harlem, they are twenty-five feet apart, with Coal No. 7 b between 

 them. At this village the upper layer is fossiliferous, but difiers from 

 any other exposure, in that it contains much earthy matter and tends to 

 disintegrate upon exposure to atmospheric influences. It is light blue 

 in color, and is apparently free from iron, as the surface of fracture does 

 not show the dull brown tint. The lower layer is thin, hardly one foot 

 thick, and is non-fossiliferous. It is blue, breaks with a semi-conchoidal 

 fracture, and rings clearly when struck with the hammer. In Perry 

 township, between Perrysville and Palermo, both layers are even, with 

 Coal No. 7 b between them. The upper layer here shows none of the 

 earthy character observed at Harlem, but is hard and flint- like, weather- 

 ing into dingy nodules. It is so tough that it might be used with ad- 

 vantage in macadamizing roads. This duplication of the stratum seems 

 to be confined to Lee, London, and Perry townships, as it was not ob- 

 served in Union, Center, Washington, or Fox. In the last two town- 

 ships the stratum is admirably exposed along the ridge road from Car- 

 rollton to Wattsville. It has been traced to the border of Columbiana 



