EICHLAND COUNTY. 319 



ship, the Waverly Conglomerate is quarried and exposed by outcrops 

 and bluffs in several places. It is here one hundred feet thick, and its 

 surface by barometer is four hundred feet above the exposure of the 

 Berea in Plymouth village. It is a coarse massive sandstone, in places 

 white, in others colored with iron, containing many quartz pebbles, and 

 presenting a strong resemblance to the ordinary Conglomerate. In James 

 Mason's quarry about thirty feet of the structure of the ledge is exposed. 

 It is much broken up, and except at the top has no regular stratification 

 and is all coarse. In places it is full of pebbles, and bears little resem- 

 blance to any of the northern exposures of the Berea. Glacial striae were 

 here observed, bearing south 32° east. 



If this is a continuation of the Berea, its lithological characters here 

 rapidly changed, and in the distance of about twenty miles it has risen 

 between three hundred and four hundred feet. This may be the fact, 

 but from a comparison of all the observations made, it is pretty certain 

 that it has no connection with the Berea, but is simply an ancient shore 

 deposit of coarse material, having no great horizontal range, and not 

 always to be found on the same vertical horizon. The Waverly rocks .in 

 passing northward become much more silicious, and the sandy layers are 

 generally composed of coarser materials. In places they consist entirely, 

 so far as they are exposed, of thin fragile layers of sandy shale, consti- 

 tuting the typical olive shales of the Waverly. These, in places, pass 

 into a compact quarry rock, similar to the Logan sandstone of Fairfield 

 county, and often, at a distance of from one hundred and twenty to two 

 hundred and fifty feet below the Coal Measure rocks, are succeeded by 

 this coarse Waverly Conglomerate. This, it is true, is about the distance 

 below the Coal Measures at which the Berea is found at the north. But 

 there is a great thickening up southward of the Waverly rocks, and this 

 Conglomerate has neither the persistence, nor any of the lithological 

 characters of the Berea. Its base, where well defined in Knox county, is 

 shown by borings to be over three hundred and fifty feet above the top 

 of the red or chocolate shales, which is there a well-defined horizon, and 

 appears to be identical with the Cleveland shales of the Cuyahoga val- 

 ley, which are about seventy feet only below the Berea. These borings 

 disclose the fact that the Huron, Erie, and Cleveland shales extend 

 northward through these counties with little change in their lithological 

 characters — the Erie greatly reduced in thickness; that above them 

 there is a marked thickening of the Waverly rocks, and such a change 

 in their mineral constituents and mode of deposition, as to make their 

 subdivision into Cuyahoga shales, Berea grit, and Bedford shales, so 

 clearly defined in the Cuyahoga, impossible. The interval between this 



