336 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 



It will be seen from this sectioa that the highest hills rise over two 

 hundred and fifty feet above the Carboniferous Conglomerate. The coal- 

 measure rooks cover the greater part of Jackson and Butler townships, 

 and a small area in the north part of Jefferson. The highest hills in 

 Jackson rise one hundred feet above the upper outcrops of rock and are 

 covered with the bleached and earthy debris of cherty limestone. These 

 limestone hills are exceedingly fertile, and produce excellent crops of corn 

 and other grains. The upper rock exposed is a massive sand rock, proba- 

 bly the equivalent of the Massillon sandstone, and the upper coal bears a 

 strong resemblance to Coal No. 1. Attempts have been made to mine it 

 for local use, and the coal has been exposed of a thickness of from 

 eighteen to twenty-four inches. The material immediately above it 

 indicates the action of eroding agencies immediately after the deposi- 

 tion of the shales covering the coal. 



The shale is in patches, sometimes three to four feet thick, in other 

 places wanting ; the sandstone there resting upon the coal, and in places 

 cutting it out altogether. This sandstone is irregularly bedded with 

 waved and contorted lines of stratification, and is capped with from six- 

 teen to eighteen inches of coarse pudding stone or breccia, containing 

 also water-worn quartz pebbles. The heavy sandstone above this is com- 

 pact, massive, and evenly bedded. 



The coal is of fair quality, in two benches, in places showing consid- 

 erable sulphur, and at the outcrops does not exhibit a thickness which 

 would make mining profitable except for local use. The thickness and 

 extent of the coal rocks, and the fact that they include three horizons o^ 

 coal, would fully justify further exploration. This exploration could be 

 made most easily by drilling from the top of the hills, so that the holes 

 would pierce all the strata, disclosing their character and thickness. 

 The shales below this coal indicate less active disturbances, and whatever 

 was originally deposited on the line of the two lower outcrops probably 

 now remains. A fourth horizon of coal is found above the upper massive 

 sandstone at the bench on the hills, one hundred feet below the highest 

 points, but no outcrop of rocks was observed at this elevation. The 

 cherty debris of the limestone above Coal No. 4 is abundant upon many 

 of the hills, and constitutes flint ridges in the northern part of Butler 

 township. Much less promising territory in other places has been suc- 

 cessfully explored, and valuable deposits of coal found. The coal rocks 

 of Butler township extend to within about eight and a half miles of 

 Gambler. At the nearest point is an outcrop of the fire-clay of the lower 

 coal, but the water flowing from it shows much sulphur, an indication of 

 coal of inferior quality. 



