LICKING COUNTY. 349 



glacial epoch a lake of considerable size covered the surface. These old 

 flood-plains, from the same causes indicated in the report on Knox county, 

 are exceedingly fertile, and all that is said of them there would be sub- 

 stantially true of them here. The surface above these plains is divided 

 into four topographical areas. In the district north of the Licking, and 

 east of Rocky Fork, including the townships of Perry and Fallsburgh, 

 are a succession of hills rising to the rocks above the third coal seam. 

 These are separated by the deep and narrow valleys of the modern streams, 

 which generally have a rock bottom and bluff banks. The slopes of the 

 hills are usually covered with the debris of the local rocks. North of the 

 Licking, and between the North Pork and Rocky Fork, are similar hills 

 in Mary Ann township, rising to a height sufficient to catch the lower 

 coal, and in Newton township to the horizon of the Carboniferous Con- 

 glomerate, which is here mainly represented by a stratum of silicious 

 iron ore. 



In the south-eastern part of the county are hills of like character which 

 reach above the horizon of Coal No. 6, the surface diversified in a similar 

 manner by a net- work of deep ravines, the channels of the recent streams. 



In the north-eastern part of the county is a high, undulating table- 

 land, the rocks all Waverly, and in the northern and central part deeply 

 covered with unmodified Drift clay. The undisturbed, billowy. surface of 

 the original deposit still remains, except upon the borders of the streams 

 and upon the southern slope where the clay of the Drift has all been car- 

 ried away, and the evidences of its presence remain only in the pebbles 

 of the streams and occasional erratics on the slopes of the hills. 



In the south-western part of the county an irregular series of low hills 

 project into the old water-plains of the valleys, in part covered with 

 Drift, the latter in places extending below the beds of the present streams. 



SURFACE DEPOSITS. 



Along the valley of the old channel that enters the county from the 

 north, and a little west of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, the surface 

 is in many places composed of the original, undisturbed bowlder clay, 

 marked by frequent swamps and marshes. In places, deposits of sand and 

 gravel designate the line where excavations were carried to a lower level. 

 Farther south the channel of excavation was wider and beds of gravel 

 and sand are more abundant. Three-fourths of a mile south of Utica an 

 isolated hill rises to the height of one hundred and fifty feet, composed of 

 Waverly rock which resisted the denuding agencies that excavated the 

 valley. Calvin Miller's quarry, opened near the top of the hill, illus- 



