LICKING COUNTY. 359 



glomerate is occasionally found in place, and fragments of it are frequent- 

 ly observed in the slopes below its horizon. Along the Rocky Fork large 

 blocks of it are strewn over the surface, containing angular fragments of 

 fossiliferous chert, showing that the agencies which deposited the con- 

 glomerate broke up a cherty limestone, and re deposited its debris near 

 the place of its original deposition. 



The thin bed of very hard, white sand-rock, full of sligniaria, which is 

 is seen in places below the lower coal in Fallsburgh, and which seems to 

 take the place of the Conglomerate, belongs above it, and is an evidence 

 of the prevalence of similar conditions over large areas at the time of its 

 deposition. It is found beneath Coal No. 1, in Summit county, where 

 the Conglomerate below is one hundred feet thick ; in Holmes county, in 

 places just above the Conglomerate, and in others, where this rock is 

 wanting, resting directly upon the olive shales of the Waverly. It is 

 the normal bottom deposit in the old swamps of Coal No. 1. 



Olive Shales of the Waverly. — In the general section of the county, the 

 interval of one hundred and fifty to one hundred and ninety feet below 

 the Carboniferous Conglomerate is designated as " The Olive Shales." 

 This name properly describes the general character of these rocks, but at 

 various elevations there are, in places, strata of massive sandstone, and 

 in others, thin beds of argillaceous shales. These occur oftener than in 

 Knox county, and therefore the Waverly hills are less symmetrically 

 rounded, and have less graceful outlines. The section on page 358 illus- 

 trates these changes in the character of the Upper Waverly. The suc- 

 cession of strata there indicated is by no means persistent through the 

 county, but on all horizons the sandy shales are occasionally cemented 

 in thick, massive layers, and thin beds of argillaceous shale occur at all 

 levels. 



These upper Waverly rocks are in this county quite rich in fossils. 

 Near their junction with the Conglomerate, and in the Conglomerate, 

 beautifully preserved Trigonocarpa, and other fruits of the Coal-measure 

 plants are abundant, and on lower levels species of Orthis, Productus, Spiri- 

 fer, Goniatites, Nucula, etc., are to be found. 



On the top of the hills, at Granville, the Waverly is quarried, and, as 

 far as exposed, shows the following section: 



FEET. 



1. Earth 4 



2. Crashed and broken rock 2 



3. Shaly sandstone, iu thin, evenly-bedcd layers 8 



4. Sandstone, filled, with Cauda-galli 4 



5. Sand-rook, good building stone 14 



The layer of sand- rock containing Cauda-galli, is of the same character, 



