360 GEOLOGY OP OHIO. 



and apparently on the same horizon as that found in Ruggles township, 

 Ashland county. At Granville, this deposit is, by barometer, 214 feet 

 above Newark, or 460 feet above Lake Erie. The corresponding deposit 

 in Ruggles township, on the North line of Ashland county, is forty feet 

 below New London, or 381 feet above Lake Erie, so that if these are parts 

 of the same deposit, the excess of elevation of that at Granville over that 

 at Ruggles is seventy-nine feet. 



Citizens of the county report that coal has been found on this elevation 

 in Alligator Hill, a little east of Granville. Several excavations have 

 been made into the hill, and one near the top. All expose shaly sand- 

 stone, which can clearly be identified as Waverly, and the debris of the 

 Waverly is strewn over the surface of the highest part. I think no coal 

 can be found in the hills, or in this part of the county. It is true that 

 in several places on the western margin of our coal fields coal is found, in 

 one sense, below the Upper Waverly. It is found, topographically, below 

 it, not geologically, in the valleys, and on the slopes of the Waverly 

 hills, which, in this neighborhood, rose above the old coal-marshes, and 

 marked the original western limit of the coal-fields. My observations in 

 this county, and northward, along the margin of the coal-field, render it 

 very certain that the supposition sometimes made, that the Ohio coals 

 were once continued westward over the Devonian and Silurian rocks to 

 the Indiana and Illinois field, and that they have since been carried 

 away by erosion, is untenable. 



Along this margin of the coal field the strata tend to thin out to a 

 feather edge. In places the third or fourth coal seam is sometimes the 

 lowest one present, and is found just above the Waverly. In one place 

 a continuous ridge contains at one end six coal seams, all in their proper 

 position and substantially horizontal, while at the opposite end of the 

 ridge the Waverly, capped with the Conglomerate, rises to the height of 

 the upper coal. 



Waverly Conglomerate. — This rock is conspicuously exposed along the 

 south bank of the Licking in Madison and Hanover townships, present- 

 ing abrupt, precipitous bluffs twenty to forty feet high, with vertical 

 fissures like those in the Carboniferous Conglomerate. It contains fewer 

 pebbles than in Knox and Richland counties, being more assimilated to 

 the Logan sandstone. On Rock Run, north of the old furnace in Mary 

 Ann township, where one hundred feet of the Waverly is exposed, the 

 Waverly Conglomerate is seen in well-defined, even layers of six to ten 

 feet each. It is here a fine- grained, easily quarried, yellow sandrock, 

 with very few pebbles, and containing occasionally characteristic Wa- 

 verly fossils. Here unlimited quantities of very good building stone 



