WAEREN COUNTY. 387 



whole surface is overlain with deposits of this period. The south-eastern 

 townships are covered with the white claj'B that have been described in 

 previous reports. These deposits have an average thickness of ten to 

 fifteen feet, and cover at a depth of six to eight feet the ochreous deposits 

 of these flat tracts. Below the ochre the blue glacial clays, commonly 

 known as hard-pan, are found. The more particular report on the cor- 

 responding region of Clermont county will answer, without change, for 

 this district. 



In the remaining uplands of the county the Drift deposits are divided 

 into the three general divisions : 



1. Blue, glacial clays, holding scratched pebbles, and weathering into 

 gray clays. 



2. Yellow days, passing into white and black clay, according to 

 location. 



3. Sand and clean, water-worn gravel, generally interstratified with 

 the yellow clays. 



The first division appears only in the beds of the smaller streams, and 

 on the breaks of the hills. It is very generally the water-bearer of the 

 regions that contain it, a supply being found either on its surface or at 

 some sand-seam, but a little way below the surface. There seems no rea- 

 son to doubt that it is the product of the melting glacial sheet, all of its 

 characteristics being easily explicable on this hypothesis. 



The second division, or the yellow clays, consist of materials that were 

 arranged and deposited in water. The elements composing these, as wfeU 

 as the sand and gravel, are doubtless the weathered glacial clays, a sub- 

 mergence of the continent being required to account for their existence 

 in all the areas which they occupy. 



The forest soil holds its regular place in Warren county, the ochre-bed 

 already referred to being one of its equivalents. On the north and west 

 sides of the Miami, esp-cially, buried wood is of very common occurrence. 

 Some of this wood is no doubt pre-glacial in its growth, it being a part 

 of the vegetation that covered the land before it was occupied by the 

 great ice-sheet. This portion is found imbeded in the blue clays. A 

 large part, however, lies upon the surface of the blue clays, and certainly 

 grew where it now occurs. 



Sand and gravel are as likely to be met with on the high lands of the 

 county as elsewhere. In the northern townships, especially, bank-gravel 

 is very abundant and of excellent quality. It is far more serviceable for 

 road-making than creek-gravel, on account of the greater readiness with 

 which it can be hardened or cemented into a road-bed. 



The drift deposits on the northern sides of valleys and slopes have long 



