HOLMES COUNTY. 545 



localities, where the third, fourth, or fifth coal seam extended northward 

 or westward beyond any of those below it. 



The Waverly forms the base of all the hills in Knox and Richland 

 townships; is exposed through the whole length of the valley of Black 

 Creek ; in Shimplin's Run, from near the Williams coal, in Monroe town- 

 ship, to its mouth ; in the valley of Paint Creek, in Monroe and Prairie 

 townships; in the bluffs forming both banks of the Killbuck, and on all 

 the larger streams emptying into the Killbuck on both sides of it. 



The abundance of building stone covering the surface derived from the 

 Coal Measure sandstone, has prevented any special attention being given 

 to the "Waverly. Good stone can probably be obtained from it, should 

 the demand hereafter warrant special exploration. 



Near the bottom of a long ravine oh Thomas Owens's land, in Knox 

 township, a layer of the Waverly is exposed, which is a true grindstone 

 grit, much like the Berea, and which might be explored with the proba- 

 bility of disclosing material for valuable grindstones. South of Taylor's 

 coal bank, in the Waverly, about ten feet below the base of the Coal 

 Measures, is a deposit of from two to three feet in thickness, of yellow 

 hydrated oxide of iron, which, by burning, assumes all shades from yel- 

 low to a deep dark-red, and which will evidently make a good mineral 

 paint. It is exposed by stripping, but an opening into the hill would 

 give a good roof, so. that if on trial it proves as valuable as its external 

 appearance indicates, it ccfuld be tak( n out with facility, and in larg^ 

 quantities. It deserves to be carefully and thoroughly tested. Below 

 Motes's bank, in the north-east part of the same township, and in several 

 other places, this horizon carries thin bands of hard, compact, blue car- 

 bonate of iron, of good quality. A thin band in the Waverly, on Paint 

 Creek, in Prairie township, is filled with water-worn quartz pebbles sim- 

 ilar to those in the Conglomerate, and in other places patches and bands 

 of pebbly Waverly may be seen. The sandstones of ,the Coal Measures 

 also frequently contain similar pebbles, generally of smaller size and in 

 more moderate quantities, to that care is required to avoid mistaking 

 t]ae true horizon of this pebbly sandstone. 



The Conglomerate appears above the Waverly in Prairie township on 

 both sides of the Killbuck, and on the banks of Paint Creek, reaching a 

 mjaximum thickness of eighteen feet. It caps the hills above Lozier's 

 quarries, in Washington township, but is here so broken up and covered, 

 that its thickness can not be accurately determined. The lithologicaL 

 char^ter of this deposit is here quite peculiar. It contains large quan- 

 tities of broken, angular fragments of white and yellow chert, with a. 

 profusion of fossils identifier! by Mr. Meek as belonging to the Carbonif- 



35 



