548 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 



at Parkman and Nelson Ledges, is correct, then we shoald here leak for 

 the Conglomerate above Coal No. 6y and conclude that the Sub-carbonifer- 

 oas Conglomerate and the Mahoning aandstone are- the same formation. 

 They are here substantially in the same t&pographical horizon, but geo' 

 logically one ia above Coal No. 6, the other below No. 1, and the line of 

 division between the Coal Measure rocks and the Waverly. The fact 

 that Waverfy and CoEglomierate hills bordered the eoal-marshes, suffici- 

 ently explains the occasional occurrence of Conglomerate in the roof of 

 the lowest coal,, composed of the re-deposited debris of the Conglomerate 

 hilk. The sandstones above the other coals- may also have acquired their 

 quartz-pebbles from the same source. 



Coal No. 1. — Above the Waverly, on the Conglomerate, where the lat- 

 ter is found, appears Coal Seam No. 1,. c* the block coal, ordinarily rest- 

 ing upon a bed of fire-clay^ and sometimes separated from the sandstones 

 below by a few feet of shales. It naay be seen in many places west of 

 the Killbuck, especially in the territory south of Paint Creek, and north 

 of Black Creekr the m,ost productive coal region in the county. On the 

 east erf the Killbuck it has been mined on Mr. Cameron's land, in the 

 south part of Prairie township, where the Conglomerate is directly below 

 it, and the shales, which accompany it,, may be identified in the ravine 

 north (rf the &hepter or Holmes County Company'^s bank. 



At Smith's bank, in the northern part of Monroe township, it reaches- 

 a thickness of four feet, is a true block coal, of fine quality, and reason- 

 bly free from' sulphur. It inclmea to break up into smtall pieces, is quite 

 rusty, and of rather an uninviting appearance. The blacksmiths do not 

 like it, as they prefer a softer and more melting coal, and as their opinion, 

 where little coal is miinedy is potent in determining the reputation of dif- 

 ferent coals, that from- this opening has not had the valuation it deserves. 



At Motes'sbank, in the north-west part of Monroe township, it is three 

 feet thick, hard, bright, and of good quality, resting upon a compact fire- 

 clay^ nine to ten feet thick. Between the coal and the overlying sand- 

 stone are two to- four inches of highly carbonaceous shale. The sandstone 

 is strong, unbroken, and would readily admit of working-chambers of 

 very large size. On the land of Stephen R. Williams and Washington 

 Williams, near the center of Monroe township, this coal is a little over 

 three feet thick, resting on the fire-clay, and capped with dark, bitumin- 

 ous shale. It is a block coal, of fair quality, but has not been sufficient- 

 ly opened to determine, accurately, the value of the property. The best 

 exposure is so nearly on the level of a neighboring stream that the water 

 would be troublesome unless an opening is found in a lower part of tb& 

 valley. 



