642 OEOLO€Y OF OHIO. 



This belt of building stone is of great importance to the eastern por- 

 tion of the county. The Huron shale covers a large area and this is en- 

 tirely destitute of stone for ordinary uses. The margin only of the 

 Waverly furnishes exposures for quarries, so that broad belts both east 

 and west of this line depend mainly on this source of supply. Quarries 

 of this horizon are quite extensively worked north of the county line in 

 Harlem, BerksMre, and Trenton townships of Delaware county. The 

 best known of these quarries are those located at Sunbury. The Sun- 

 bury stone is erroneously referred in Vol. I to a higher division of the 

 Waverly, viz , the Berea Grit, but it certainly belongs to the lowest of 

 the sandstone courses of this formation, and can be traced without inter- 

 ruption, from Sunbury to the points here named. Like the lower Waverly 

 generally, these beds are almost entirely non-fossil iferous. A few fu- 

 coids are seen upon the surface of the layers, and the burrows of sea- 

 worms are also sometimes found. 



(c) The Cleveland shale of Dr. Newberry, the Waverly black shale of 

 Professor Andrews, as has been already stated, is known at but a single 

 locality in the county, viz., at Ealy's Mills, in .Jefferson township, on the 

 banks of Rocky Pork. From ten to fifteen feet of this formation are 

 here shown within the compass of an acre. The stone immediately un- 

 derlying the black shale is quarried for local use, so that the line of 

 junction is very distinctly seen at several points. The black shale lies 

 upon the flat surface of the sandstone without the interposition of any 

 other material whatever. A geological boundary cannot be more dis- 

 tinct than this. The change is equally marked in other respects Be- 

 low this horizon, sandstones and shales, blue and black, are found for at 

 least four hundred feet, representing periods of great length in their for- 

 mation, and throughout them all, it is a very rare occurrence to find any 

 trace of the life of the world in the ages to which these beds belong, but 

 the moment that the Cleveland shale is reached, all this is changed. 

 The beds are charged with ancient life, and that too, of the highest 

 divisions of the animal kingdom, viz., vertebrates. The surfaces of many 

 slabs are- thickly covered with the teeth, and plates, and bones of the 

 sharks and ganoids of this early day. Two brachiopods also, Lingula 

 melie. Hall, and Discina Newherryi, Hall, are abundant here, sometimes 

 wholly covering the surface of the beds. The anomalous but very in- 

 teresting fossils termed conodonU are found in great numbers, and in ex- 

 quisite preservation in the shales of this locality. The best interpreta- 

 tion of their structure seems now to be that they constitute the jaws of 

 annelids. (See Silliman's Journal, September, 1877, page 229.) 



The shale is heavily charged with bituminous matter. No analysis of 



