794 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 



is nowhere of workable thickness in Mahoning county, but is a geologi- 

 cal feature recognized by all the drillers. Not unfrequently a band of 

 iron ore is found near the same horizon. A stratum of iron ore, which I 

 suppose to be this ore, was formerly mined near the Old Mill Creek 

 Furnace. In the shales which hold the nodules are great numbers of 

 very beautifully preserved fossil plants, several of which have not yet 

 been found elsewhere, making this the most important and interesting 

 locality of fossils yet known in the county. 



Coal No. 3; 



At a distance varying from one hundred to one hundred and fifty feet 

 above Coal No. 1, a coal-seam is found which has a bed of limestone over 

 it, sometimes resting on it. The coal varies from one to three and one 

 half feet in thickness, and is also quite variable in quality. It is gener- 

 ally known through the county as Coal No. 2, because it is really the 

 second workable seam from the bottom. This coal is well exposed in the 

 gorge on the south side of the river at Lowell. It is here half cannel, 

 and of fairly good quality. This seam is more extensively worked at 

 the Wick and McDowell mine, in the northwest part of Canfield. The 

 coal here lies about forty feet below the railroad, and is from two and one 

 half to three feet in thickness, rather slaty, but much esteemed for 

 household use, and has been quite largely shipped to the Lake market. 

 The limestone here lies from twelve to fifteen feet above it. 



Cop,l No. 3 is the seam formerly worked at the mine of Frank Henry, 

 in the southwest corner of Austintown. It is of good thickness, but 

 very slaty. The limestone is seen over it here, and is, as so often else- 

 where, capped with iron ore. This coal is opened, though not worked, 

 near the farm of Curtis Beardsley, in the western part of Canfield, and 

 on the Osborn and Heintzelman farms, in the eastern part of the town- 

 ship. It is also open on the farms of G. Harding, in the east part of 

 Ellsworth, and this is probably the seam worked by Thomas Rose, in the 

 southwestern part of Jackson. It is also known to exist on the farms of 

 Luding, Ripple, and Wagner, in that vicinity. At the mines of Frank 

 Robbins and Thomas Rose, the coal is three and one half feet thick, com- 

 paratively pure, but having little cover, is quite tender. 



The limestone over Coal No. 3 is the most constant limestone bed in 

 the county. It is usually from two to three feet in thickness, sometimes 

 resting on the coal, sometimes as much as twenty feet above it. The 

 iron ore which lies upon it is visible in all its exposures, but varies con- 

 siderably in thickness. Occasionally it is seen as a solid sheet of ore, 

 from six to eight inches thick ; more generally a series of flattened nod- 



