MAHONING COUNTY. 795 



ules. The limestone over Coal No. 3 is extensively quarried by Mr. H. 

 C. Bowman, on the land of Curtis Beardsley, in the northwestern part 

 of Canfield. It is shipped to Leetonia for use as a flux in the furnace. 



Coal No. 3a. 

 From forty to fifty feet above Coal No. 3— the interval being occupied 

 by limestone, shales, and sometimes a band of sandstone— lies another 

 Seam of coal, and sometimes over it another limestone ; this latter is, 

 however, much less constant than the lower limestone. Coal No. 3a has 

 been opened in many places in the county, but is very rarely worked at 

 present, as it is generally of inferior quality. In Canfield, it appears on 

 the lands of J. Bruce, and J. Kirk, in the northwestern part of the town, 

 on Infelt's, Osborn's and Swanton's lands, in the eastern part ; on the 

 east side of Ellsworth, on the Kenninger and Dursman farms, etc.; it is, 

 however, here soft and sulphurous, and the mines opened on it have 

 been abandoned. In the southern tier of counties it is generally below 

 drainage, but west of the Niles and New Lisbon Railroad, it outcrops in 

 a few places, and in others has been reached by shafts. In all this 

 region it is of workable thickness, sometimes four feet, but is much in- 

 ferior to the next seam above it, which is that most mined. In the gorge 

 at Lowellville, the second coal seam which is probably Coal No. 3a lies 

 sixty feet above Coal No. 3. It is here about eighteen inches thick. 

 On the north side of the river it is four feet thick, and supplies a good 

 coal, formerly quite largely coked for the Lowell furnace. 



Coal No. 4. , 



After Coal No. 1—" the Block Coal,"— Coal No. 4, « the cannel seam," 

 is the most important coal bed in the county. It is a very variable seam 

 so far as regards thickness aiyi character, but is almost always present in 

 one or another of its phases at the horizon where it belongs. In gome 

 localities it is six feet in thickness, all cannel coal of good quality ; in 

 others it is a remarkably pure bituminous coal two and one half to 

 three feet thick, while more generally it is found to have a thickness of 

 about three feet, of which six to ten inches of the upper part is cannel. 

 This is the somewhat famous Leetonia seam, which is largely worked in 

 Beayer and Green townships. About New Albany it attains perhaps its 

 best development, being here a remarkably pure coking coal well adapted 

 to the manufacture of coke and gas. It was first opened in the county 

 in the southwest corner of Canfield, by Messrs. J. and W. Wetmore. It 

 'is here about five feet thick, nearly all cannel. On the Erving farm, in 

 the southwest corner of Canfield it is two and a half feet thick, two feet bit- 

 uminous, and six inches of the upper part cannel. Here another coal seam 



