802 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 



haps cut out by a sandstone which runs through all the sections except 

 the last, and is what has been designated in the preceding notes as the 

 Massillon sandstone. We here have nothing like its greatest develop- 

 ment, as in the Poster shaft it is one hundred and forty-six feet in thick- 

 ness. 



The limestone ten feet in thickness reported as cut in the Pennel 

 slope, if what it is represented to be, is an anomaly in the county. It 

 lies one hundred and thirty-six feet above the Block Coal, and doubtless 

 represents the upper of the two limestones which traverse the county ; 

 but this is nowhere el°e nearly so thick, unless we can imagine that this 

 is the Lowell limestone here brought down- more than one hundred and 

 fifty feet nearer the level of the Block Coal than it is at Lowell. We 

 had no opportunity of examining this rock, and the section is that fur- 

 nished by the proprietors of the mine. 



In the southern part of Austintown, Coal No. 3 is found in place from 

 one and a half to three and a half feet in thickness, but generally not of 

 very good quality. Limestone and ore occur over it. 



YOUNGSTOWN. 



The first development of coal mining in the valley of the Mahoning 

 took place at the old Brier Hill and Crab Creek mines near the north 

 line of Youngstown. The search for coal has radiated from this center 

 in every direction, and as a consequence the country about Youngstown 

 has been more thoroughly explored than any other part of the county. 

 A number of extensive basins have been discovered here, and several of 

 them quite largely worked. 



The most important mines in Youngstown are those of the Brier Hill 

 Coal Co., Arms & Bowers, Wick, Ridgeway & Co., the Holland Coal Co., 

 on the south side of the river, and the mines of the Powers Coal Co., 

 Andrews & Co., the Kyle Coal Co., the Foster Coal Co., the Mahoning 

 Coal Co., the Brier Hill Coal Co., and H. B. & P. Wick, south of the 

 river. Of these one of the most interesting is that of the Foster Coal 

 Co., located in the southern part of the township. The coal here lies at 

 the shaft aboat two hundred and thirty feet i rom the surface, and in the 

 bottom of the basin is five feet 6 inches thick, of excellent quality. The 

 basin forms a narrow channel with a general east and west bearing, but 

 its extent and connections have not yet been fully ascertained. About 

 one hundred and forty feet of the shaft was sunk through sand rock (Mas- 

 sillon sandstone) which was foand saturated with salt water. This is 

 said to have yielded on evaporation one pound of salt from one and a half 

 gallons of brine. The water found in the underlying shale and coal was 

 fresh. In sinking this shaft no limestones were met with, as they were 



