822 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 



consequent uneven character of the floor on which the Coal Measures 

 rest, has often been referred to in the Ohio reports, and by diflferent per- 

 sons. In the report on Holmes county, in the present volume, Mr. M. C. 

 Kead gives on page 544 an interesting illustration of this. Waverly 

 rocks, capped with Conglomerate, are seen on one side of a hill, while 

 on the other there are one hundred and ninety-eight feet of Coal Meas- 

 ures, including five seams of coal. There was evidently an ancient 

 valley in the old Waverly in which the Coal Measures were formed. 

 Proofs of similar valleys in regions adjacent to deposits of the Maxville 

 limestone were long since observed. Of course the levels of the coals in 

 them if continued would pass below the level of the limestone ; but in no 

 case have any rocks of the true Coal Measures been found directly underneath 

 any of the limestones of the Maxville series, and I do not believe that such a 

 case is possible. 



The Maxville limestone is generally of much economical value. The 

 purer portions of it make excellent quick-lime. The quarries near 

 Newtonville have furnished the stone for the beautiful new Court House 

 at Zanesville. It is a firm, compact, durable stone, a little hard to work, 

 but incomparably better as a building stone than any Coal Measure 

 limestone in the State. When the projected railroads are completed into 

 the Upper Sunday Creek Valley coal-field, this limestone will be carried 

 to furnaces in that region. There are large areas of it along the streams 

 with little or no covering of soil. Dynamite would rend it to fragments, 

 and millions of tons could be obtained at a trifling expense. At Max- 

 ville and vicinity, this limestone is destined to play an important part 

 in the growing iron manufacture of that region. The deposit below 

 Logan has formerly furnished limestone to the Logan and Five Mile 

 (Union) Furnaces. I have suggested to Mr. Walter Crafts, of the Crafts 

 Iron Works at the mouth of Little Monday Creek, the [desirableness of 

 this limestone for his furnace, should he find it sufficiently near to be 

 available. The deposit in Hamilton township, Jackson county, fur- 

 nished limestone for the old Webster Furnace. 



Coal Measures. — The Coal Measures rest upon the Maxville lime- 

 stone, and, where that is wanting, upon the Logan sandstone, or Upper 

 Waverly. They consist of seams of coal, with interstratified deposits of 

 sandstones, shales, limestones, iron ores, and fire-clays. 



The coal seams are not scattered at hap-hazard through the series, but 

 have their places in the vertical range. A seam often becomes thin and 

 worthless, and, indeed, in some places, fails altogether — the conditions 

 having been unfavorable for coal-making at such points — but each seam 

 has its own place in the series, and for this reason classification and 

 system become possible. 



