910 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 



great interest, as widely different views have been held in regard to the 

 character and availability of the seam. On the whole, it can be said that 

 a considerable value has been shown to belong to the seam in this im. 

 mediate locality. 



In passing southward this stratum holds as a limestone rather than an 

 ore. Throughout Vinton and Jackson counties, this is generally the case, 

 but in Lawrence county, ore is again found at about the same point in 

 the scale that the Buchtel ore holds. The seam ie there known as the 

 Little Yellow Kidney. Though distinct from No. 13 in the Hocking Val- 

 ley, this ore may still be counted with it. It affords another instance of 

 the local duplication of lime and ore horizons, such as have been already 

 named in connection with the Blue Limestone and the Gray Limestone. 



15. One other bed of ore remains to be named, viz., the remarkable 

 deposit that is either immediately associated with Coal No. VI, or that 

 overlies it by a few feet. When the ore is found at the horizon of the 

 coal, it becomes either a blackband or a clayband, being a distinctly 

 stratified deposit. When it is found above the coal, it generally takes a 

 rough, ungainly form, consisting of large nodules imbedded in white and 

 red clays. There is a large amount of iron at this horizon in either shape, 

 but the latter condition has not yet encouraged any trials. The black- 

 band form is well known to be a very valuable deposit. In Stark, Tus- 

 carawas, and Guernsey counties, it is well developed, constituting there 

 a basis of iron manufacture second only to that of the Limestone ore in 

 the Ohio Series. It is comparatively of recent date that the stratum has 

 been recognized in the district now under review. It was first opened 

 at 'Iron Point," a hill near Shawnee, Perry county. It here lies from 

 one hundred and five to one hundred and fifteen feet above the Great 

 Vein Coal, (Coal No. VI) or at one hundred and forty to one hundred and 

 fifty feet above the Baird Ore, which is associated with it. North of this 

 point it has been opened on the Clark farm, near Bristol, where the ex- 

 traordinary thickness of thirteen feet is claimed for it. A thickness of 

 three to five feet is not unusual in the localities named, and often, enough 

 coal goes with the ore, both underlying and covering it, to effect its cal- 

 cination. The Hone Bank and also the WTiitlock Bank are found farther 

 to the eastward. Both of these were discovered, as well as the Clark Bank 

 last named, under the energetic and sagacious management of the Mox- 

 ahala Furnace Company. Found as these deposits all are, within easy 

 reach of the Great Vein Coal, if not immediately associated with it, they 

 make the foundation of a new iron manufacture in Ohio that threatens 

 to revolutionize the whole business of iron making in the State. When 

 all the advantages of this district come to be utilized, it will be found 



