BIRDS — LANIIDAE — COLLYKIO LTJDOVICIANUS. 



325 



over and a little behind the eye, purer whitisli and more distinct behind. Spot in front of the 

 eye, narrow ring round it, (interrupted above by the superciliary band,) a narrow line from 

 the side of the mandible beneath the eye, and widening behind it so as to include the ear 

 coverts, the wings and tail black. A whitish crescent immediately below the eye. Lesser 

 wing coverts like the back. Tips of the tertiaries and secondaries, the outer^webs of the longer 

 primaries at the base, as also the inner webs opposite the same point, and the terminal portion 

 of the four lateral tail feathers, white ; the entire outer web of the exterior also white, except 

 a nan:ow strip along the basal portion of the shaft ; the extent of the white tip decreasing from 

 about 1.50 inches on the exterior, to about .35 on the fourth. Under parts generally soiled 

 white ; the feathers on the breast and belly in each faintly marked with two or three narrow 

 crescentic bars of blackish, scarcely appreciable on the throat, and not at all on the abdomen 

 and under coverts. 



Younger or more immaturely plumaged birds, and perhaps the females generally, have the 

 upper parts more or less soiled with a wash of rufous brown, the bands beneath more distinct, 

 and extending further forward to the bill ; this rufous sometimes tinges the sides, the rump, 

 the under parts, and the back of the head. A rufous tinge is very decided in nearly all the 

 specimens from the upper Missouri and westward, which are also apparently a little larger than 

 in those from Pennsylvania and New York. It is possible that the former may be a distinct 

 though closely allied species. 



The Lanius septentrionalis of Gmelin, (Syst. Nat. 1, 1788, 306,) based on the Northern Shrike 

 of Latham, (Syn. I, i, 165,) from the northern parts of America, cannot, by any possibility, 

 be referred to the present species. The first distinctive name is that of Vieillot, who apparently 

 describes a female. 



List of specimens. 



COLLYBIO LUDOVIOIANUS, Baird. 

 Loggerhead Shrike. 



Lanius ludovkianus, Linn. Syst. Nat. I, 1766, 134.— Ib. Gmelin, I, 1788, 298.— Bon. Syn. 1828, 72.— Ib. List, 

 1838.— Ib. Consp. Av. 1850, 363.— Ib. Rev. et Mag. Zool. V, 1853, 294.— Nuttall, Man. 

 1. 261.— AuD. Orn. Biog. I, 1831, 300 : V, 1839, 435 ; pi. 37.— Ib. Syn. 1839, 72.— Ib. Birds 

 Amer. IV, 1842, 135 ; pi. 237 — .' Brehm, Cabanis, Journ. II, 1854, 145. (Not of Latham, 

 whose bird has a black crown.) 



iamiits ardosiaceus, Vieillot, Ois. Am. I, 1807, 81; pi. li.— Bon. Obs. "Wils. 1825, No 34. 



Lanius carolinensis, Wilson, Am. Orn. Ill, 1811, 57; pi. xxii, f. 5 — Licht. Verzeichniss, 1823, No. 505. 



Louisiana shrike, Latham, Syn. I, i, 162. 



gp. Ch. Above dark pure bluish ash ; forehead, sides of crown, and upper tail ooverts scarcely paler. Scapulars whitish. 



Beneath plain whitish. Wings and tail black ; the former with a white patch at base of primaries and tips of lesser quills ; 



