600 



V. S. p. E. E. EXP. AND SUEVEYS — ZOOLOGY — GENEEAL EEPOET. 



The Ectopistes migratoria is blue above, purplish red beneath, passing into whitish behind. 

 The wing above is spotted with bluish black ; the sides of the neck with metallic gloss. 



ECTOPISTES MiaRATORIA, S w a i n s o n . 



Wild Pigeon ; Passenger Pigeon. 



Columba migratoria, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. I, 1766, 285 Gm. I, 389.— Foester, Phil. Trans. LXII, 1772, 398.— 



Wilson, Am. Orn. I, 1808, 1C2 •; pi. xliv.— Bon. Obs. Wils. 1825, No. 179 — Wagler, Syst. 

 Av. 1827, No. 91.— Ann. Om. Biog. I, 1831, 319 : V, 561 ; pi. 62. 

 Eclopistes migratoria, Swatnson, Zool. Jour. Ill, 1827, 355.— Ib. F. Bor. Am. II, 1831, 363.-i-BoH. List, 1838.— Ib. 

 Consp. Av. II, 1854, 59.— AuD. Syn. 1839, 194.— Ib. Birds Amer. V, 1842,25; pi. 285.— 

 "Reich. Icones Av. tab. 949, figs. 1377, 1379." 

 Columha canadensis, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. I, 1766, 284. — Gm. I, 1788, 785. Female or young. (Prior name.') 

 Columba americava, *' Kalm, It. II, 527." 

 Passenger Pigeon, Pennant, II, 322. — Latt. Syn. II, ii, 661. • 



Sp. Ch — Tail with twelve feathers. Upper parts generally, including aides of body, head, and neck, and the chin, blue. 

 Beneath, purple brownish red, fading behind with a violet tint. Anal region and under tail coverts, bluish white. Scapulars, 

 inner tertials, and middle of back, with an olive brown tinge; the wing coverts, scapulars, and inner tertials, with large oval 

 spots of blue-black on the outer webs, mostly concealed, exoept on the latter. Primaries blackish, witli a border of pale bluish 

 tiiiiged internally with red. Middle tail feathers brown ; the rest pale blue on the outer web, white internally ; each with a patch 

 of reddish brown at the base of the inner web, followed by another of black. Sides and back of neck richly glossed with metallic 

 golden violet Tibia bluish violet. Bill black. Feet yellow. 



The female is smaller ; much duller in color ; more olivaceous above ; beneath, pale blue instead of red, except a tinge on 

 the neck ; the jugulum tinged with olive, the throat whitish. 



Length of male, 17 inches ; wing, 8.50 ; tail, 8.40. 



Hab. — North America to High Central Plains. 



The blue of the side of the head extends to the throat and chin. The upper part of the back 

 and lesser coverts are of a darker blue than the head and rump. The inner primaries are more 

 broadly margined with light blue, which tapers off to the end. The axillars and under surface 

 of the wing are light blue. The longest scapulars have the black on both webs. There is no 

 blue on the outer web of the first tail feather, which is white, and the inferior surface of the 

 tail generally is white. 



In some specimens the entire head all round is blue. 



The immature male varies in having most of the feathers of the head and body margined 



with whitish. 



List of specimens. 



1 Iris i-fed. 



