604 V. S. p. E, E. EXP. AND SUEyEYS — ZOOJUOGY — GENEEAL EEPOET. 



ZENAIPUB4: OAROLII^BNSIS, B on ap . 



Caralji^a, or Common Dove. 



Coisimbtt mrolinensis, tiKMEtsy Syst. Nat'. I, 1766, 286, No. 37.— Gmelin,!, 787.— LAtham, Indi II, 1790, 613.— 

 Wilson, Am.' Om. V,' 1819, 91 ; pi. xliii.— Bon. Oba. 1825, No. 159.— Aud. Orn. Biog. I, 

 1831, 91 : V, 1839, 555 ; pi. 17.— Nuttall, Man. I, 1832, 626. " '■ '''"->■ 



TVrtitrcaroZijiMBis, Brisson, I, 110 ; pi. viii. " ' , . 



Ectopistes carelinensis. Rich. List, 1837.' — Bonap; Gebg. ' List, 1838. — Acd. Sytt.' 1839, 195.^Ib. Bifds Amer. V, 

 1842,36; pi. 286. 



Zejiat(fi*r<j coroZtmensis, BoNAp. Corsp. Av. II, 1854, 84. Type. ' ' ■' ■' '■' 



P«rtss«To «ar<!K«cn5is, Cabanis, Cab. Jour. 1856,111, 112. Type. , . -, ^^. 



CoZ«;m6a mor^nafa, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. 1, 1766, 386, No. 40, (best description.) — Gmelin, Ij, 1788^ 791. — Wagler, 

 Syst. Ay. 1827, No. 91.— Ib. Isis, 1831, 519. '_ .,.,,,, .,, J 



£ctopis/es marg'mate, Gk AT, List, Br. Mus. ^ , ,., ■ . 



7Ectopistes margineUus, Woodhouse, Pr. A. N. So. VI, June, J852, 104. — Ib. Expl. Zufii & Pp/oj 1853, 93 ; BirdSj, 



1, , ,. ,i .,' i ' P^T*. ,P?'^^^i^?* ""^^f^ :f r''- Ininiature.bird. ^ , .,i ,,■., . ,. i , , , --.i.,, 



JZenaWura mai-g-ineiZa, BoNAP. Consp. Av. II, 1854, 85. , i 



Sp. Ch. — Tail feathers 14. Above bluish, although this is overlaid with ligjit.brQwnisb oliye, leaving the blue pure only pn the top 

 of the head, the exterior of the wings, and the upper surface of the tail, which is even slightly tinged with this color. The entire 

 headj except the vertex, the sides of the neck, and' the under parts generally^ light brownish red,:strongly tinged with purple on 

 the;bliB.astj ibesoming. lighter, behind, and passing into- brownish yellow on the anaji region, tibia, and under t^il cpyertp. Sides 

 of the neck with a patch of metallic purplish red. ^ Sides of body a^d iflsi^e of wiijgs ^lepx ligjht blue.., ^ingcoverts ai^d 

 scapulars spotted with black, mostly concealed, and an oblong patch of the same below the ear. Tail feathers seen from below 

 blackish, the outer web of outermost white, the others tipped with the, same, the color becoming more and more bluish to the 

 innermost, which is brown. Seen from above there is the same gradation from white to light blue in the tips ; the rest of the 

 feather, however, is blue, with a bar of black anterior to the light tip, which runs a little forward along the margin and shaft of 

 the feather. In the sixth feathe'r'the color is uniforin bluish, with this bar ; the seventh is Without bar. Bill black ; feet yellow. 

 Female smaller, and with less red beneath. Length of male, 12.85 ; wing, 5.75 ; tail, 6. 70-' i "' 



Hab. — Throughout United States from Atlantic to Pacific. Cuba, Gundlach. 



This species resembles tlie wild pigeon' S. migratoria, but is much smaller; has the tail 

 much longer than the wingSj instead of equal to them, and consistin^g pi Jourteen _ie_OT 

 instead of twelve. These feathers are much less acutely pointed. The sides of the head, the 

 front, and the chin are reddish, instead of blue. The quills lack the broad white and red 

 bor4er ; the tail feathejs the reddish patch, T^e black spot beneath the ear is not foujud in E. 

 migratoria. 



In comparing a large series of specimens of doves from various localities in North America 

 I can perceive no diffe?;ences of moment, except that the, more, sou,th^rn, are smaller. Thpf e is a 

 purer blue on the tail and upper parts of Pennsylvania skins, the olive brown shadeiabove 

 being more coispicubtis in those from the west. " 



The yoTlng of the year is much duller in general appearance than' the adult, and is o'^ a 

 dedded brownish cast, with streaks of blackish on the head, breast, and; elsewhere.^ Nearly all 

 the feathers are tipped with paler, forming bands i The Ectapistes margineUus of V\''oodhouse.is 

 of this character. 'It. is certainly a young; bird, and has nothing to distinguish it; from th 

 common eastern species, whatever may be the case with the adult. 



