CLASSIFICATION 



Nat. Ord. COMPOSITE. Characters. — Leaves alternate, or 

 sometimes opposite, without stipules. Flowers in heads surrounded 

 by a number of more or less leafy bracts forming an involucre, each 

 " head " being composed either of all ligulate florets or with ligulate 

 and disc florets. Calyx superior, limb none, or feathery, or scaly, 

 know as a "pappus." Corolla tubular or ligulate. Stamens 4-5, 

 with anthers united (syngenesious). 



Genera described. — Liateis, Helianthus, Dahlia, Bidens, 

 DoEOXicuM, Othonna, Polymnia. 



Nat. Ord. CAMPANULACB.^. Characters. — Leaves usually 

 alternate, without stipules, entire, toothed, or rarely lobed or toothed. 

 Flowers gamopetalous, usually regular, tubular or bell-shaped. 

 Stamens 5, epigynous or epipetalous. Ovary inferior or half-superior, 

 2-5-celled. 



Genera described. — Osteowskya, Codonopsis, Canakina, Cyphia 



Series 2. Hypogyn/e. — Ovary usually superior. 



Nat. Ord. PRIMULACB.^. Characters. — Leaves often all 

 radical. Flowers regular or irregular, axillary or solitary. Calyx 

 free, 4-9-lobed. Corolla hypogynous, usually gamopetalous, rotate, 

 salver-shaped, or funnel-, or bell-shaped, 4-6-lobed. Stamens as many 

 as corolla lobes. Ovary free, 1-celled. 



GenuH described. — Cyclamen. 



Nat. Ord. OLBAOB.^. Characters. — Leaves usually opposite 

 Flowers regular, usually 2-sexed. Calyx uSually 4-toothed or lobed. 

 Corolla gamopetalous, usually 4-lobed. Stamens usually 2. Ovary 

 superior. 



Genus described. — ICACINA. 



Nat. Ord. APOCYNACE.S. Characters. — Plants, often climbers, 

 with milky juice. Leaves opposite, entire. Stipules none. Flowers 

 regular, hermaphrodite, solitary or in cymes. Calyx 4-5-lobed. 

 Corolla gamopetalous, salver-shaped or funnel-shaped, lobes usually 

 oblique, twisted in bud. Stamens 5, rarely 4, anthers free or united 

 and adhering to the stigma. Style short, dilated, with a thickened 

 entire or 2-cleft stigma often constricted in the middle. Fruit of 2 

 many-seeded follicles, a berry, or drupe. 



Genus (iescr-t&ei.— Dipladenia. 



Nafc. Ord. ASOLBPIADB-^. Characters.— Reth^, shrubs or 

 undershrubs of climbing or creeping habit, often with milky juice. 



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