CONTENTS. 3tlX 



carcase aiid fleece — ^remarks by Youatt — changed character of Eng- 

 lish wools since the introduction of the turnip system— Dr. Parry's 

 remarks — deductions irom the premises — ^variety of herbage necessa- 

 ry to the welfare of sheep — experiments by Linnseus in offering plants 

 to the horse, ox, and sheep-r-instinct of sheep on this point — ^philoso- 

 phy of variety of herbage — ^remarks in review — change from old to 

 new pastures recommended — reasons for changing the pasture often 

 — small fields recommended — ^incidental duties — remarks growing out 

 of localities of British sheep. 



Grasses. Degree of nutriment they possess — ^Vernal — Meadow Foxtail 

 — Blue Meadow — Rough-stalked — Sheep's Fescue — Round-headed 

 Cock's Foot — Welsh Fescue — Narrow-leaved Meadow — Meadow 

 Fescue— Rye-gras— Fertile Meadow— Cat's-tail or Timothy — Tre- 

 foil Clover — White Clover — ^remarks. 



Shade Trees. Not appreciated by the American husbandman as thuy 

 should be — grateful to sheep during the summer — ^will thrive better 

 if provided for them — ^kinds of trees for shade mentioned. 



Water. Not so necessary for sheep as other animals — they need it 

 in August — breeding ewes should have access to it at all times. 



Weaning Lambs. The time dependent on the breed and other circum- 

 stances — the usual time of suckling four months — when the ewes and 

 lambs are separated, they should be put far apart — treasons — ^lambs 

 should not be put on too high keep immediately — consequences of so 

 doing — Sitting them to avoid the danger from gorging themselves — 

 tame sheep put with the lambs — ewes for a week or more should be 

 put on low keep — danger of doing olhterwise — after which their feed 

 must be good — reasons. 



Ear-marking. Lambs should be marked when they are weaned — 

 cropping the ears should be avoided. 



Wheat Stubbles. Danger of turning sheep upon them — reasons there- 

 for — swine should always precede sheep— other grain stubbles not 

 dangerous to sheep — ^young sheep should be turned on them. 



Overstocking. Opinionsof a foreigner— -overstocking too common with 

 American farmers— consequences of overEtocking--35 acres required 

 for supporting 100 sheep of the Merino and Saxon varieties — example 

 cited of a New York flOck-mastef, 



Fall Pasturing. Sheep- should not be kept on pasture exclusively, late 

 in the fall-^— reasons assigned; ' 



Sorting tor Winter. Necessity for classifying sheep — ^particulais 

 mentioned — early preparation for winter important — reasons . . 192 



CHAPTER XL 



WINTER MANAGEMENT. 



Introductory Remarks — Observations on Climate. Sheep dispersed 

 over a largo portion of the world — accounted for — ^tho sheep, if long 

 accustomed'to a temperate climate, it is difficult to model at will — 

 circumstances which influence — geographical positions where the sheep 

 does not attain perfection — extremes of temperature unfavorable — ^if 

 left to its instincts will avoid extremes — ^remarks of Blacklock — ^favor- 

 able climate of Austrxilia for sheep — the sheep does best in the coun- 



