286 



on the contrary, exceedingly common. This is an 

 illustration of the often neglected fact that tropical 

 malaria differs in many ways froin malaria of 

 temperate climes. 



Filter the urine if morphological constituents 

 are present, as is the case in blackwater fever, 

 through two thicknesses of filter paper, or add some 

 calcined magnesia, then filter. Place some urine 

 in a urine glass and, with a pipette reaching to the . 

 bottom, allow half as much nitric acid to slowly 

 trickle in (Simon). A white cloud at the junction 

 layer indicates serum albumin (globulin or pep- 

 tones). Urea nitrate crystals will often separate 

 out at this junction layer. 



Serum Globulin. — Make the urine alkaline with 

 ammonia ; filter off any precipitated phosphates ; 

 to the urine add an equal volume of saturated 

 solution of ammonia sulphate. A precipitate 

 indicates globulins ; or the formation of the pre- 

 cipitate may be seen at the junction layer. Test 

 filtrate for albumin by adding excess of acetic 

 acid and boiling. 



Albumoses. — Acidify the urine with acetic acid; 

 add an equal volume of a saturated solution of 

 salt ; boil ; if a precipitate occurs (albumen) filter 

 hot. Albumoses separate out on cooling ; or to 

 the hot filtrate add caustic soda solution, then 

 dilute copper solution gradually; a red colour 

 signifies albumoses. 



Note. — Urines rich in urobilin {e.g., malaria 

 and blackwater fever) will give this biuret reaction. 



In presence of urobilin : to ten c.c. of urine 

 add eight grammes of powdered ammonium sul- 

 phate until dissolved ; . boil for a few seconds ; the 

 albumoses are precipitated on the sides of the 



