290 



According to Hayem, it is associated with 

 methaemoglobinaemia. Its occurrence in black- 

 water fever is very common, occasionally before 

 the attacks, but more constantly after the oxy- 

 haemoglobin has disappeared or together with it. 



Characteristics : — 



1. In acid urine a band near F occurs, be- 

 tween 88 and loi. 



2. In alkaline urine a band between 81 

 and 95. 



3. Make the urine strongly alkaline with 

 ammonia filter, add ZnCU solution, but not suffi- 

 cient to form a permanent precipitate. 



A green fluorescence occurs, and the much 

 clearer band nearer ' b ' than the acid band. 

 Detection : — 



1. If oxyhaemoglobin is present. Precipitate 

 the urobilin with basic lead acetate, then acidify 

 the precipitate, when the urobilin goes into 

 solution. 



2. If methaemoglobin is present. Neutra- 

 lize the urine with carbonate of soda ; precipitate 

 the methaemoglobin with neutral lead acetate. 

 Filter ; test the filtrate for urobilin. 



Bile Pigments 



Where urobilin is present, as in black water, 

 the colour of the foam on shaking the urine, the 

 staining of the filter paper, etc., cannot be 

 regarded as satisfactory texts. 



Detection : — 



I. Gmelin-Rosenbach Test. — Filter the urine 

 through filter paper (Swedish). Dry ; apply a 

 drop of nitric acid (fuming) to this, a play of 

 colours is got. 



