APPENDIX 



BLOOD-SUCKING FLIES 



'I he Diptera or flies are two-winged insects (tlie posterior 

 pair of wmgs are transformed into halteres), and are so dis- 

 tinguished for example from the Hemiptera or bugs which 

 generally have four wings. In the Diptera the metamorphosis 

 IS complete, eggs, larva, pupa, insect ; in the Hemiptera it 

 IS not so. The following have blood-sucking habits : — 



The Nematocera {vr/fxa, thread; /cepay, antenna), 



I . — Blepharoceridae. 



Wings irridescent, ample, bare, with creases, no ' discal ' 

 cell on wing (the discal cell lies between the second posterior 

 cell and the second basal cell). Posterior tibiae with stout 

 spines, anterior tibiae unarmed, The fourth vein is the one 

 immediately preceding the large posterior fork, the incomplete 

 vein not being counted. They resemble midges. The larvae 

 have suckers, and are found attached to stones in the water. 



Genus Curupira (? blood-sucking). 



No incomplete vein A long vein between the first and 

 fourth. Eyes contiguous. C. torrentium, Brazil. 



Genus Snowia (? blood-sucking). 



Eyes separated by a broad frons. Palpi four-jointed, well 

 developed. 



2. — Ciilicidae. Mosquitoes or gnats. 



3. — Chironomidae. (Midges). 



Head small, often retracted under thorax, which has no 

 transverse suture, Simple eyes (ocelli) absent or rudimentary. 

 Antennae up to fifteen segments, densely pectinate in $ , often 

 simple in 9 and smaller Legs long and slender Tibiae and 

 tarsi nearly cylindrical. Costal vein ends at apex of wing. 



