FOREST BESEEVE MANUAL. 53 



When green logs 8 inches and over in diameter are made 

 into cordwood they are paid for as saw timber at the rate of 

 2 cords to the 1,000 feet B. M. 



The butt diameter of a 16-foot log is usually from an inch 

 to 2 inches greater than that of the top end ; yet if this log is 

 sawed into lumber the amount of material obtained depends- 

 entirely upon the smaller diameter, because there is generally 

 no .way of utilizing the wedge-shaped slabs. For this reason 

 logs are scaled at the small end, and in ordinary practice the 

 same method is applied to logs of all lengths. 



While this is approximately just in the case of short logs, 

 it does not give fair valuation on long ones. By most rules a 

 log 48 feet long measuring 12 inches at the small end is cred- 

 ited the same as three 16-foot logs of 12 inches diameter, or, 

 taking the Scribner rule, 192 board feet. In reality, the 48- 

 foot stick can be cut into three 16-foot logs of 12, 14, and 16 

 inch diameters, respectively. These will scale, by the same 

 rule, 64, 100, and 144, or a total of 308 board feet, which is 

 51% more than is given by scaling the whole log. A mill 

 man buying a 24-foot by 20-inch log pays for 420 board feet. 

 But by cutting it in two he has a 12-foot log of 20 inches diam- 

 eter and one of about 22 inches. These two logs contain 461 

 feet by the Scribner rule, and they are of an ordinary and 

 profitable stock length. Again, he can saw the 24-foot log 

 full length, but by taking 1-inch slabs which can be trimmed 

 and edged into 12, 16, or perhaps 18 foot boards, still get more 

 than the log scaled. 



For this- reason, in forest reserves, only logs 18 feet or less 

 in length may be scaled at the small end alone. For those 

 above that length the following system is prescribed: 



1 10-foot log with top diameter. 



|l 10-foot log with top diameter -|- 1 inch. 



1 10-foot log with top diameter. 



[1 12-foot log with top diameter -|- 1 inch. 



1 12-foot log with top diameter. 



[1 12-foot log with top diameter + 1 inch. 



1 12-foot log with top diameter. 



[1 14-foot log with top diameter + 1 inch. 



1 14-foot log with top diameter. 



1 14-foot log with top diameter + 2 inch. 



1 10-foot log with top diameter. 



1 10-foot log with top diameter -f- 1 inch. 



1 10-foot log with top diameter + 2 inch. 



A 20-foot log. 

 A 22-foot log. 

 A 24-foot log. 

 A 26-foot log. 

 A 28-foot log. 



A 30-foot log. 



