54 FOEEST BESEKVE MANUAL. 



Longer lengths may be computed in the same vra,y, dividing 

 the stick into 10-foot lengths, as near as convenient, and allow- 

 ing about an inch taper to each 10 feet. This may vary some- 

 what, and if a greater taper is required the scaler must use 

 his own judgment. 



When a log is sawed there is a large waste in the form of 

 sawdust and the proportion thus wasted depends both upon 

 the thickness of saw used and the number of pieces made. _ It 

 is clear that there is twice as much waste in cutting 1-inch 

 boards as in sawing 2-inch planks. 



It is also evident that for these reasons there can be no scale 

 showing accurate!}' how much lumber will be cut from any 

 given log. Consequently there are a great number of scales, 

 each devised for a special class of logs or for the manufacture 

 of a special kind of stock. For the present the Old Scribner 

 scale will be used in all reserve work. 



Where the scale or stick is too short the contents of a sound 

 log are figured according to the formula of the much-used 

 Scribner-Doyle rule, which says: 



Contents in board feet= (Diameter — 4)^; for example, an 18-inch log 

 16 feet long is computed thus: 

 Contents = ( 18 — 4) ^ or 14 X 14 = 196 feet B. M. 



Wherever the purchaser desires, timber will be sold by the 

 cubic foot, which is an absolutely impartial measurement. In 

 this case the area of each end of the log is found and the aver- 

 age of the two multiplied by the length of the stick in feet. 

 This process gives the contents of the log in cubic feet. 

 Tables giving areas of circles with any given diameter are 

 easily available. 



4. SPECIAL WORK. 



This includes work incidental to grazing by sheep and cat- 

 tle; examination of rights of way for roads, railways, canals, 

 reservoirs, telephone and telegraph lines; the examination of 

 agricultural claims, mining claims, sawmills, and other plants, 

 and examinations necessary in attending to cases of special 

 privileges, such as hotels, stopping places, stores, etc. 



Generally, work of this kind is ordered specially, or arises 

 in connection with special applications. It is important that 

 examinations be thorough, complete, and correct in matters of 

 detail, and that the report be full and clear. Mistakes, omis- 



