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How Abortion is Sometimes Caused 



Not only are big knees caused in this manner, but in pushing herself for- 

 ward, striving to reach the feed, the cow's hind feet slip and push her bedding 

 into the gutter. 



A sudden slipping of the hind feet, or straining for feed beyond her reach, 

 sometimes causes abortion or perhaps permanent injury to the cow. 



The Self-Cleaning Feature 



The James Manger has no bottom, a concave trough in the cement floor 

 serving that purpose. The manger is easily lifted, the weight being offset by 

 heavy manger lifting springs. 



When the manger is lifted, everything in the trough can be conveniently 

 and quickly swept out, flushed with water if desired and used as a watering 

 trough. 



The bottom of the trough is so shaped that the feed comes in exactly the 

 right spot for the cow to reach it most easily, even to the last mouthful — the 

 feed always accumulates in the center of the trough directly under the cow's 

 nose. 



The Manger Construction 



The manger is constructed of No. 20 gauge best galvanized sheets. 



The front of the manger, in sections of three stalls or less, is formed from 

 20 gauge copper bearing galvanized sheets, both the front and the partitions 

 being strongly reinforced with folded and compressed edges. The front of 

 the manger is bolted to the partitions. 



The U-shaped guard which is riveted to the back of the manger partition, 

 overlaps the stall post and holds the partition firmly and rigidly at the back; 

 while manger front and partitions are reinforced by V-braces, except at ends. 



This rigid construction of the James Manger absolutely prevents any 

 racking and adds years to the life of the manger. 



The U-guard also permits setting the stall posts in the center of the con- 

 crete curb, so that the curb is not liable to crack — as it is when the posts are set 

 near the edge of the curb. 



With all its labor, feed and money saving advantages the James Manger 

 costs no more than a home made one of wood. 



Whether you order mangers or not, be sure to obtain from us the wood 

 pattern of exact shape of the manger bottom. This will enable you to make 

 the concrete manger trough so that a perfect fit will be secured if you later 

 decide to have the mangers. The manger pattern is absolutely necessary if the 

 mangers are to fit the trough properly. 



