ARTIFICIAL FORESTS OF EUROPE 



which the sprouts were composed of 

 oak, beech, hickory, tulip tree, dog- 

 wood, haw, and a few pine saplings, 

 all of which formed a dense thicket of 

 young trees. In summer it was pleas- 

 ant to thread one's way through this 

 place, quite concealed by the straight 

 young growth, or to lie down there 

 and listen for a whole morning to the 

 twitterings and songs of birds, shut in 

 by a wealth of foliage. 



There is another type of European 

 forest known as " coppice under stan- 

 dards," This is no more than a coppice 

 growing underneath a selection forest 

 somewhat different in aspect from the 

 one already described. In the present 

 case the selection forest is opener, the 

 trees being fewer in number. Ample 

 light is thus admitted for the growth of 

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