A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE 



west wall at each side of the loop is a door, that near 

 the west corner, which is 6 ft. by 2 ft. 6 in. and 

 square-headed, leading through a small lobby 4ft. 8 in. 

 by 3 ft. 2 in. in the thickness of the wall to the stair- 

 case. The other doorway, which is 8 ft. high by 

 2 ft. 1 1 in. and round-headed, leads by a right-angled 

 passage into a plain mural chamber 7 ft. by 5 ft., 

 which seems to have had a loop at its south-east end, 

 the wall being now broken, like those below, by a 

 wide breach. Both the passage and chamber have 

 barrel vaults. 



The second or upper floor rests on a set-off of 

 2 ft., and is therefore 23 ft. square, but shows no 

 signs of any wall opening. At the west angle the 

 masonry is thickened to give space for the staircase, 

 from which, no doubt, access to the floor was originally 

 gained. The staircase, however, seems to have been 

 repaired and the door done away with, probably after 

 the castle was dismantled. The height of the top 

 floor is now about 1 1 ft., and was probably not 

 originally very much higher. The parapet perhaps 

 added another 5 ft. or 6 ft. to the building, which 

 probably had a turret at the west angle over the 

 staircase, if not at all four corners. The upper part 

 of the building is now overgrown internally with 

 trees and other vegetation, forming a picturesque 

 ruin open to the sky. 



There are no fireplace openings or garderobes in 

 any part of the keep, the character of which is very 

 plain throughout, without plinth, string or ornament 

 of any kind. 



The lower ward has been altered and built over, 

 and its extent is difficult to determine. It seems to 



have had an extreme breadth of I 50 ft., and descended 

 about 280 ft. down the slope of the hill." 



The manor of Clitheroe was held in 

 MJKOR demesne by the lord of the honor,^' but 

 the estate once owned by the Radciiffes 

 of Astley and Winmarieigh was at one time known 

 as the manor of Clitheroe. It arose from the most 

 ancient feoffment recorded there, that of Ralph le 

 Rous, viz. 2 oxgangs of land in Clitheroe, including 

 the lands of Orm le Engleis inside and outside the 

 bailey ; this grant was made to him by Robert de 

 Lacy in 1102^^ and was confirmed later.^' Its further 

 descent is not fully known, but it was apparently the 

 estate of 2 oxgangs of land held by the Heriz family 

 in 1255.^* The Heriz manor of Salthill is named 



RiSHTON of Pont- 

 halgh. Urgent a Jesse 

 tmbatded sable, in chief 

 t-wo mullets of the second. 



Gerard of Astley. 

 A-^ure a lion rampant 

 ermine, croivned or. 



in the borough charter of i 307.*' The manor-house 

 was afterwards called The Alleys. It appears to have 

 belonged to the Rishtons of Ponthalgh in the I 5th cen- 

 tury,*" and then to the Radciiffes of Winmarieigh," 



^^ Clark, op. cit. 401. 



*^ Various early accounts have been 

 published. In 1241-2 the value of 

 Clitheroe was ^^25 loj. 6d. ; Lanes. Inq. 

 and Extents, i, 156. In 1258 Clitheroe was 

 held of the Earl of Lancaster by knight's 

 service. There were 180 acres of arable 

 land, 30 acres of meadow and 30 acres 

 of demesne pasture, each worth 4^/. ; two 

 barns at Standen were worth 71., and a 

 garden in Clitheroe 35. Two tenants 

 paid 25. 6d., the mill £10, the borough 

 ^4 8j., a dye house 6s. %d. ; tolls yielded 

 j^5 131. ^d. and pleas of the courts 

 135. 4<y. — ,1^21 131. lod, in all; ibid, i, 



A number of details are afforded by 

 the rolls of 1296 and 1305, where under 

 Clitheroe receipts and expenses in many 

 other parts of the honor are accounted 

 for. Rents from Baldwin hill, Salthill, 

 Sandwell and Salewcll, Snelleshou 

 (Whallcy), the herbage of the ditches of 

 the castle and a garden there were among 

 the receipts. In 1296 from the goods of 

 Ellis, a thegn beheaded for felony, £6 1 01. 

 was received. The expenses in that 

 year included 321. 4^/. for the safe con- 

 veyance of ;^I90 in money from 

 Clitheroe to Buckby and five times to 

 Pontefract ; also 1 2J. for taking five colts 

 from Clitheroe to Buckby, with fodder 

 and other expenses ; De Lacy Compotus 

 Rolls (Chet. Soc), 12-16. In 1305 

 there appear 6d. for a place beneath the 

 hall of pleas, \2.d. for a place for a forge 

 under the castle, zod. for the entry of 

 live prisoners at the castle gate, £27 Js. gd. 

 for perquisites of the court of Clitheroe, 

 511. 2d. from the chattels of a fugitive. 

 Among the expenses were sums of 

 121. 2.d. spent on carrj'ing seven loads of 

 lead from Baxcnden to Bradford, 201. 5j</. 



on sixteen hawks at Clitheroe and on the 

 grooms taking them to London, and 201^. 

 on carrying the earl's bed to Denbigh ; 

 ibid. 109-15. 



In 1311 the values were thus stated : 

 Castle, nil ; orchard, &c., zs. ; demesne 

 lands, 6s. id. ; meadow, 31. ; watcr-milJ, 

 £6 131.41/.; fair at St. Mary Magdalene's, 

 6s. id, ; free court every three weeks, 

 £e^ ; borough, £6 131. ^d. ; Lanes. In<j. 

 and Extents, ii, 3. Detailed accounts 

 rendered in 1323 show that the profits 

 were very much greater ; thus the toll of 

 the market, fairs and stallage came to 

 j^5 6s. id., the farm of the water-mill 

 to £i2, and the perquisites of the courts 

 to,rii IS. id. There were minor receipts, 

 including Js. from a forge before the castle 

 gate. The hire of a house in which to 

 hold the courts was 6s. ; ibid. 185. 



The court rolls have been printed for 

 the period 12 Nov. 1323 to 24 Sept. 1324. 

 Fifteen courts were held. One of the 

 most frequent offences was selling bad ale. 

 In one case a reeve paid a small fine for 

 leave to withdraw from office ; m another 

 a woman paid one * for sweetness of the 

 prison' ; Lanes. Court R. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, 

 and Ches.), 48-63. 



••6 Farrer, Lanes. Pipe R. 385. 



4' Ibid. 388; in 1135-41. 



^ Final Cone, (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and 

 Ches.), i, 118 ; Isabel de Heriz acknow- 

 ledged the title of John de Heriz to 2 

 oxgangs of land in Clitheroe, which he 

 held by her gift. 



■*^ ' Saving to William Heriz reasonable 

 estovers for his manor of Salthill in the 

 wood there.' Practically nothing is known 

 of this family. Simon le Heriz was a 

 burgess of Clitheroe about 1287, and he 

 and his son John attested local charters ; 

 Add. MS. 32104, fol. 143, 124*, &c. 



In 1292 Simon le Heriz complained 

 that his workshop [fabriea) had been 

 burnt down through the fault of Adam 

 the Smith (Feure), but was unsuccessful ; 

 Assize R. 408, m. 98 d. He was killed 

 the same year by his brother Henry, in 

 interfering in a quarrel between Henry 

 and Thomas de Standen ; Lanes, Inq, and 

 Extents, i, 278. 



William le Heriz attested a charter in 

 133 I ; Kuerden fol. MS. 370. 



Thomas and Robert the Smiths (Fevre) 

 were defendants in 1246 ; Assize R. 404, 

 m. 2, 8. 



'" Richard Rishton of Ponthalgh died 

 in 1425 holding a messuage, Sec, in 

 Clitheroe of the king as duke in socage ; 

 Lanes, Inq, p.m. (Chet. Soc), ii, 14. A 

 messuage called The Alleys in Clitheroe 

 was the property of Roger Rishton of 

 Ponthalgh in 1452-3 ; Pal. of Lane. Writs 

 of Assize, Lent, 31 Hen. VI. 



It is possible that there were two mes- 

 suages called The Alleys. In 1544 Sir 

 Richard Shireburne of Stonyhurst released 

 to Alice Radcliffe of Alleys, widow, his 

 right in closes called Gaysgillcroft and 

 Salthill Moor ; Dods. MSS. cxlii, fol. 65. 



" SirThomas Radcliffe (of Astley,&c.), 

 who died in 1440, held 8 burgages, &c., 

 in Clitheroe of the king as Earl of Lincoln 

 in socage ; Towneley MS. DD, no. 1492. 



Richard son of Sir Thomas son of Sir 

 Richard Radcliffe was described as * of 

 Clitheroe' in 1443 ; Pal. of Lane. Plea 

 R. 5, m. 12. There was also a George 

 Radcliffe of the same place ; ibid. 



Richard Radcliffe of Astley held the 

 eight burgages. Sec, in 1476-7 ; Lanes, 

 Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc), ii, 103. 



In I 500 there were six burgages, and the 

 tenure was in socage, by yt, id, rent ; 

 Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. iii, no. 75. 



364 



