A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE 



having died in 164S, he was succeeded by a grand- 

 son Richard, whose son and namesake was icnighted 

 at Windsor in 16S4.'" Gawthorpe descended'" to 

 Robert Shuttleworth, who died in 1 818, leaving as 

 heir his infant daughter Janet. She married in 

 1842 Dr. James Phillips Kay, who assumed the 

 surname of Shuttleworth. He was created a baronet 

 in 1849, acted as sheriff in 1864 and died in 1877.'" 

 His son Ughtred James Kay Shuttleworth, who suc- 

 ceeded to Gawthorpe on his mother's death in 1872, 

 represented the Clitheroe division in Parliament from 

 1885 to 1902, when he was raised to the peerage as 

 Baron Shuttleworth. He was made lord lieutenant 

 of the county in 1908. 



GAWTHORPE HALL '" stands near the western 

 boundary of the township about half a mile to the 

 north-east of Padiham in a valley close to the former 

 bed of the River Calder, I i miles to the west of its 

 junction with Pendle Water, where it swept through 

 flat meadows westward. The Calder was diverted 

 from the hall to the opposite side of the valley at 

 the beginning of the last century owing to its being 

 extensively polluted by manufacturing refuse, and 

 the surrounding scenery, once of great beauty, has 

 greatly suffered by the growth of industrialism. 



The house, which is an admirable specimen of the 

 stone-built mansion of the late Elizabethan period, is 

 three stories in height over a spacious basement con- 

 taining the kitchen and offices, and was designed 

 with much regard to external symmetry, with a 

 central porch set in a projecting square bay which is 

 carried up the full height of the building, and flanked 

 with similar semi-octagonal bays standing 7 ft. from 

 the angles, the wall being blank at either end. The 

 floors are marked externally by string courses dividing 

 the front horizontally into three parts, and the 

 mullioned windows, which stretch across the front 

 from bay to bay, are of equal height to each floor and 

 have a single transom. 



The plan is comprised within a rectangle measur- 

 ing 73 ft. 6 in. by 52 ft., the longer sides facing north 

 and south, but on the north and east sides there are 

 square recesses I 5 ft. and 10 ft. wide respectively and 

 9 ft. 6 in. deep, and the whole mansion is grouped 

 round a tower measuring internally 14 ft. 6 in. by 

 17 ft., standing back from the north wall the depth 

 of the recess. The house was built between 1 600 

 and 1605 by the Rev. Lawrence Shuttleworth,'" 



and may have incorporated in it the walls of the 

 keep or peel tower of an older structure upon which 

 the present tower was built."* The walls are con- 

 structed of squared local sandstone blocks in regular 

 courses with angle quoins,'*" and the roofs have lead 

 flats. The building appears to have been abandoned 

 and neglected in the latter part of the 1 8th century,'" 

 but was refitted and refurnished by Robert Shuttle- 

 worth soon after the beginning of the last century,'" 

 when the original oak staircase and panelling in the 

 tower had fallen so much out of repair that they 

 were removed and ' replaced in a style inconsistent 

 with the rest of the structure."" In 1850 a more 

 thorough restoration took place under the direction 

 of Sir Charles Barry, who rearranged some of the 

 rooms, raised the tower and chimneys, and substi- 

 tuted a pierced parapet in the Elizabethan style for 

 the plain upper portion of the original one.'" Barry 

 also altered the porch by raising the arch so as to 

 afford space for a mullioned window above, exca- 

 vated a level garden on the south side, formed a 

 terrace on the north, and built a stone balustrade 

 all round the house inclosing the area to the base- 

 ment.'" 



The porch, which projects 5 ft., preserves some of 

 its ancient features, but the round arch has been re- 

 placed by a four-centred one, and the flanking columns 

 now support a modern entablature filling up the space, 

 formerly quite plain, below the five-light window to 

 the floor above. Over the entrance in the frieze is 

 the Kay motto, ' Kynd Kynn Knawne Kepe,' and 

 above this three square stone panels, the centre one 

 being original, carved with the Shuttleworth arms 

 with helm, crest and mantling and the date 1605 

 above.'" The others are modern and bear the arms 

 of Kay, and Shuttleworth and Kay quarterly. The 

 porch leads to a vestibule, to the right of which, 

 separated from it by a modern screen, is the entrance 

 hall 29 ft. 6 in. long by 12 ft. wide, lit on the south 

 side by a window of five lights and a recessed semi- 

 octagonal bay window 6 ft. 6 in. deep. The arrange- 

 ment of the plan, however, in the south-east part of 

 the house has been altered, the present entrance hall 

 having been formed during the restoration of 1850. 

 Immediately before that date it was divided into 

 several small rooms, the work doubtless of a previous 

 alteration, but the original plan is difficult to recon- 

 struct, the names of various rooms which occur in the 



'" Le Neve, Knights (Harl. Soc), 385 ; 

 Foster, Alumni. 



^^ The descent is thus given i Sir 

 Richard, d. 1687 -s. Richard, d. 1749 

 -s. James, d. 1773 -s. Robert, d. 1816 — 

 sons James (of Barton) and Robert (of Gaw- 

 thorpe). Richard the son of Sir Richard 

 was knight of the shire for Lancashire 

 from 1705 to 1749 as a Tory. His son 

 James, also a Tory, represented Preston 

 1741-54, and the county 1761-8 ; Pink 

 and Beaven, op. cit. 81-5, 163-4. 



136 From the printed pedigrees. 



13? See an account of the building in 

 the appendix to The House and Farm Ac- 

 counts of the Shuttleivorths of Gaivthorpe 

 (Chet. Soc. xli), 313-30, which has 

 been used in the following descrip- 

 tion. 



1^^ The first stone was laid on 26 Aug. 

 1600. See House and Farm Accounts of 

 the Shuttlevjorths (Chet. Soc. xxxv). The 

 steward's accounts from 1600 to 1605 

 contain numerous entries of payments for 



the new building, and the progress of the 

 work can be almost exactly followed. 



1^^ This was the opinion of Sir Charles 

 Barry. 



140 There are numerous payments for 

 hewing stone * in the stone delff at Gaw- 

 thropp,* squaring it^ and rough dressing 

 it with the hammer, called * scrappling.* 

 Extra payment was made for 'window 

 stuff.' The timber seems to have come 

 principally from Mitton and Read woods. 



"1 On the east side the spout heads 

 bear the initials R.S. and the date 1732, 

 showing that the house was kept in re- 

 pair during the first half of the century. 



1" Whi taker, Whalley, 3rd ed. 1818. 



»« Chet. Soc. xli, 320. 



!■" See engraving by Basire from an 

 early 18th-century painting in the posses- 

 sion of the family in Whitaker's fVhalley 

 (ed. 1876), ii, 183. The height of the 

 original plain parapet seems to have been 

 the same as the present one, the upper 

 part being removed and replaced by pierced 



464 



work. Barry's alterations were in every 

 way justified, and have effected a great 

 improvement in the appearance as well 

 as in the arrangements of the house. 



'" Philip Gilbert Hamerton, referring 

 to the common failure of builders in 

 former times to perceive the necessity 

 for a landscape margin, says : ' Gawthorpe 

 Hall, one of the most perfect old man- 

 sions in England, looked with all the 

 numerous windows of its noble front 

 upon an upward sloping piece of ordinary 

 wooded ground ; and when Sir Charles 

 Barry enriched and renovated the build- 

 ing he enlarged its margin by excavating 

 a level garden on that side and by creating 

 a great artificial terrace on the other, the 

 effect being a remarkable increase of itatc- 

 liness and dignity in the house itself.' 



"» There are several entries referring 

 to the cutting of these arms, viz. ' March 

 1604-5. Bepinninge to worke my M' 

 arraes in the ■itune.' 'April, 1605. Two 

 days cutting the armes in the stone,' &c 



