A HISTORY OV LAiNL^Asnirvn 



had seven, Thomas Barcroft'i six and Robert Hartley's 

 five." 



For members of the Chnrch of England ser^'ice 

 was conducted in the schoolroom for some years, but 

 in 1905 the church of St. Mich.iel and All Angels 

 was opened. The Bishop of Manchester collates. 



The \'.esleyan Methodists have had a chapel since 

 1824. 



A building known as Foulridge Dandy Shop is 

 supposed to have been built in 1666 as a Quaker 

 meeting-house, with b-irial-ground attached.*^ The 

 name indicates that the building was used in the early 

 part of the i8th century as a textile manufactory. 



TRAWDEN 



Trochdene, 1296; Troudene, 13C5. Berdesh.iw, 

 1323; Berdeshagh, 1324. Wynwell, 1323; this 

 • hows the pronunciation. \\'ycolure, 1323 ; VVy- 

 culure, 1324. 



The township of Trawden occupies part of the hill 

 country on the border of the county, but as the 

 highct points are within Lancashire the slope on the 

 east and south-east boundary is in most places down 

 into Yorkshire. Combe Hill is part of the boundary 

 on the north-east ; its highest point attains 1.555 ft- 

 above sea level, and about a mile to the east, where 

 the county boundary is reached, the height is 1,430 ft. 

 Southwards the surface descends, till at 1,093 ft. the 

 ro.id from Colne to Kcighley crosses the border ; then 

 it rises again, reaching 1,400 ft. at the end of Crow 

 Hill, the point where the boundary turns west-^outh- 

 '\cst. The height along the boundary ri^c^ to 

 1,575 ft., as at Warcock or Peacock Hill, and then 

 falls again to 1,400 tt. on passing into Extwistle ; but 

 \vithin the boundary the hills parallel with it, BouU- 

 uorth Hill and Jackson's Ridge, attain in one place 

 1,700 ft. above the sea. From these hills the land 

 descends in general to the north-west, with two main 

 depressions through which run Trawden Brook and 

 Wycollcr Brook to join Colne Water or Laneshaw 

 Brook, which forms part of the northern boundary ; 

 here 550 ft. is the height above the sea. Another 

 part of this boundary is formed by Ratten Clough, 

 down which, from Combe Hill, a brook flows west to 

 join VVycoller Brook. 



The township has three divisions — Trawden in the 

 west, Wincwall in the centre and Wycoller in the 

 north-e.nst, each of them extending from the Colne 

 boundary south or south-cast to Yorkshire. In 

 Trawden the village so named lies on the west of 

 Trawden Brook, and has Eeardshaw to the west, 

 preserving the ancient name of this portion, and 

 Hollin Hall, Alderhurst, Hoyle, Antley Gate and 

 Willy Moor higher up towardj Boulsworth Hill. 

 ^^ inewall lies chiefly between the two main streams, 

 the village being at the north end of the township, 

 near the junction of Trawden Brook with Colne 

 Water ; higher up are Slack, Stunstead, Wanless and 

 Alderbarrow. Wycoller village stands on the east side 



of its 1 ruuk ; higher upon the hill to the ea t is Combe 

 Hill Cro-s and on the county boundary is a large 

 reservoir belonging to the Corporation of Keighley 

 Waterworks. The total area is 6,808 airci,' composed 

 of Trawden, 2,699!; Winewall, 2,095!; and 

 Wycoller, 2,013. The population in 1901 numbered 

 2,641. 



The principal road is that already mentioned, 

 leading from Colne through Wycoller into Yorkshire. 

 Other roads from Colne go to Trawden and to Wine- 

 wall and Wycoller. From Trawden there is a road 

 to Burnley and another to Winewall. 



The base and part of the shaft of Combe Hill 

 Cross remain. - 



A local board was formed in 1863.' This became 

 an urban district council in 1894; it has twelve 

 members. 



At Trawden and Winewall are several cotton-mills 

 and a dye-works. The soil is clay, overlying cl.iy 

 and rock, and the land is mostly in pasture, there 

 being 3,214^ acres in permanent grass, 20 acres of 

 arable Land and 5 acres of woods and plantations. 

 Coal was mined in 1296.' There are quarries at 

 Winewall, and some old lime-kilns stand on the hills. 

 As in other townships of East Lancashire, the farmers 

 or yeomen were weavers also in former times.'^ 



In the forest of TRJIf'DEN the lord 

 FOREST of Clitheroc h.id in 1296 five vaccarics 

 held by .Adam son of John, Maud wife 

 of Jordan del Booth, Emma del Monkroyd, Henry 

 dc Emmott (in place of Adam son of Maulke) 

 and Peter del Fernysidc. The accounts rendered 

 were of the same character as in the other forests ; 

 some of the cattle had died of plague and one or two 

 had been killed by wolves. The lord's officers were 

 Simon the Gcldherd and Geofi'rey the Parker.^ Ir 

 1305 the tenants were John del Booth, Adam son of 

 Jordan, Robert son of John, Juliana del Booth and 

 Randle de Fernyside (in place of Godfrey de Lothres- 

 dene) ; and the officers were Simon the Gcldherd and 

 Henry Hare. The total stock was 189 cows, 3 bulls, 

 28 steers, 29 heifers, 64 yearlings and 74 calves 

 fairly evenly distributed over the five vaccaries.' The 

 herbage and agistment of each of these five were in 

 131 I said to be worth 10/. a year." From the 

 accounts of 1323 it appears that the vaccaries were 

 two in Wycoller, farmed for 14/. and 16/. ; one in 

 \\'inewall, 28/. ; and two in Beardshaw, now 

 Trawden, 56/. Old brushwood and iron ore sold 

 ^°^ £7 '6/. id., and other receipts came to 12/. 6J.^ 

 The tenants were John del Ewode and Adam son of 

 Henry in Wycoller, John the Parker in Winewall, 

 Adam del Shaw and Oliver del Booth in Beard- 

 shaw.'o 



Trespassers and deer-killing were reported in 

 Trawden as in other forests, and in 1345 William 

 Fauvell and a number of others were charged with 

 having the previous year entered Queen Isabella's 

 free chase at Trawden, hunted there and carried deer 

 away, and assaulted her servant Adam the Proctor." 



^ Subs. R. Lane?, bdle. 250, no. 9. 



^ Carr, Annals of Colne, 79. 



' The Ctnsu! Ref. 190 1 gives 6,815 

 acres, including 30 of inland water. 



^ Lanes, and Ches. Antiq. Sac. xviii, 4.6 ; 

 lee also pp. 41, 45. 



' I.ind. Ga:^. 10 Mar. 1863. 



■• Dr Lacy Coi'{.:ti (Chet. Soc), 4, 100. 



* Roger Hartley of Wycoller, who died 

 In 1589-90, among other bequests left 

 a pair of looms to his younger son 

 Christopher and another pair to Thomas 



Hnrtcy. 



'' De Lacy Compoti, 20. ' Ibid. 68. 

 ' Lanes. ln<j. and Extents (Rec. Soc. 

 Lanes, and ChcE.), ii, 8. 



548 



'■> Ibid. 200. 



'" Lanes. Ct. R. (Rec. Soc. Lanci. and 

 Ches.), 72. 



" De Banco R. 34;, m. 37; d. Some 

 of the accused were con\ictcd ; damages 

 £6 131. 4</. 



For a further charge of the kind see 

 ibid. m. 250 d. 



