A HISTORY OF LAJNCAbHiKH- 



W.'.haw, pointing nnrth to the Blackgroovc on the back nl 

 Crow Hi.i, divides Tr.iwJen from Stanbury. Thence west to 

 the crossing of a groove or slack called VVallshaw Dean Head, 

 ascending the moor to Flnitcs Syke, crossing a ditch at the 

 lower end of White Walls to a place called Holcsvke Head, 

 divides Trawden from Wallshaw. Thence west to Round Hill 

 (or Hart Hill or Peacock Hill), south-west to the Dove Stones, 

 west to the Blackgroo c, and along a brook which falls thence 

 into Black Clough Head at the bottom of the Hcyl.ick* (Hey- 

 slacks], gives the bound! between Trawden and Widdop. 



Thence ascending the moor north-west to the Bounder Stone 

 (lying west of the Joiner Stones on Boulsworth), descending 

 north to Mereslack dyke head and down the ditch to Willy 

 Moor Clough, gives the bounds between Trawden and BriercliflFe. 

 Thence north to Willy Moor HiU Nook, and to the Deer 

 Stones, along the ring fence after the head of Birkshaw Moor to 

 iU west comer, then north to Slitterlorth Gate, along the ring 

 fence after the bottom of Doughty pasture, down to Foxclough, 

 where the brook of Weetehead Clough falls into it, divides 

 Trawden from Great Marsden. Up Weetehead Clough, and 

 mainly along the ring fence east by the parish style, to the 

 bottom of MidgTum Holme which joins upon Trawden Water near 

 the starting point, gives the division between Trnwden and Cohie. 



Various other old place-names can be gathered 

 from local deeds." 



In the three parts of the township there were in 1666 

 149 hearths liable to the tax. In Trawden proper the 

 l.Tfijest houses were those ofjames Folds, with si-x hearths, 

 Roger Folds and James Shackleden, five each. In Wine- 

 w.ill Elizabeth Hanson had five hearths liable. In 

 Wycoller Elizabeth Cunliffe, Robert Emmott and 

 Bernard Hartley had six each and John Whitaker five." 



There was a chapel in Trawden before the Refor- 

 mation, but nothing is known of its history or site." 



For the Church of England St. Mary's was built 

 in 1845, a district being then assigned to it." The 

 patronage is exercised alternately by the Crown and 

 the Bishop of .Manchester. 



A Wesleyan Methodist chapel was built in 1 8 I I ; 

 there are noiv also others belonging to the Primitive 

 .Methodists and Free Gospel Church. 



.An Inghamite chapel is said to have been built at 

 Winewall in 1752 ; it still exists. 



The Society of Friends acquired a piece of land 

 for a burial-ground in 1687, and a meeting-house 

 was afterwards built there ; this ceased to be used 

 and was sold in 1850. The burial-ground has since 

 1S58 been used by the Nonconformists generally.*' 



DOWNHAM 

 Dunum, Dounum, 1292; Donum, 1302; Dounom, 

 1311. 



This township occupies the northern slope ofPendlc 

 Hill. At the foot i> the village of Downham, in a 

 vale lying east and west, and bounded along the north 

 by a ridge of high land, along which ran a Roman 

 road. Still further north of this ridge the surface 

 descends to Ings Beck, which is the county boundary. 

 The area measures 2,300 acres,' and in 1 901 the 

 population numbered 246. 



From the village several roads branch out. West- 

 ward goes one to Chatburn and Clitheroe ; north-east 

 goes another, by Downham Green and Newfield Barn, 

 towards Gisburn in Yorkshire ; south goes one to 

 Radbrook and Worston ; while east and south-east go 

 two roads into Twiston, and then south round Pendle 

 towards Newchurch and Burnley. The r.iilway from 

 Blackburn to Hellifield passes through the north-west 

 corner, but there is no station. 



Annel or Hannel Cross once stood in the south-east 

 corner on a spur of Pendle.' 



Cromwell's men were quartered at Downham 

 15 August 1648 on their way to the battle of 

 Preston. "" 



A supposed case of demoniacal possession is reported 

 in 1694.' 



To the county lay of 1624 Downham paid 

 £1 13/. iija'. and Twiston 11/. 4a'., when ^^loo 

 was required from the hundred.' 



The agricultural land in Downham, Twiston, Chat- 

 burn and Worston is thus occupied : arable, 7 .icres ; 

 permanent grass, 3,642^ ; woods and plantations, 

 1 39.'' In Downham itself the land is mostly in 

 pasture ; the soil is light, overlying limestone and 

 freestone. Crystals known as Downham diamonds 

 are found. 



The township has a parish meeting. The water 

 supply is in private hands. 



From later notices it seems that DOH'S- 

 MANOR HAM was anciently assessed as three 

 plough-lands and a half." It formed part 

 of the honor of Clitheroe, and in 1241 was assigned, 

 as the fourth part of a knight's fee, to the Countess 

 of Lincoln, widow of John de Lacy, in dower.' In 

 1 242 it was held by Robert de Chester." Later it 

 seems to have reverted to the Lacys, who are found 

 to hold a plough-land and a quarter in demesne, this 

 being the manor proper, while the remainder was 

 held by a number of tenants,' of whom Henry de 

 Downham was in I 302 said to hold the third part of 



^* Ing and I.nith occur frequently. 

 Broad Arrowhead, Cualpit Green, Hoar- 

 heads and Souter HiU or Satterill occur 

 in the Foulds D., 17th century. In 14+4 

 Roger Walmeslcy, chaplain, received a 

 close called Kirkclough Head in the Chase 

 of Trawden, between the parrock in the 

 Kenhegh on the east and Kirkley Water 

 on the west, the Femleys on the south 

 and the Bentley on the north ; Add. MS. 

 32104, no. 640. 



*^ Subs. R. Lanes, bdle. 250, no. 9. 



*^ It is not mentioned in the IVhalley 

 Act Bk^^MX. occurs in 1536 among the 

 chapels of ease to Clitheroe Castle Chapel ; 

 Whitaker, IFkaluyy i, ll6. It is also 

 mentioned in the grant of the rectory to 

 the .Archbishop of Canterbury in 1 547 j 

 ibid. 209. It does not occur again. Dr. 

 Whitaker supposed it was the same as 

 Marsden Chapel ; ibid, ii, 262. Trawden 

 was in Coinc chapelry in 1717 5 Gastrell, 

 A.iinj Ceiir. (Chet. Soc), ii, 32 v 



'■ l^nJ. Ga=. 5 .Aug. 1S45. The iedi- 



cation was chosen in memory of the Miss 

 Mriry Foulds of Trawden mentioned in a 

 preceding note ; Carr, Annals of Colne, 95, 



" Quaker Charities Rrp. 1905. 



' The Census Rep. 1901 records 2,302 

 acres. 



* Lanes, and Ches. Anti'^. Soc. xviii, 23. 

 » Portland MiS. (Hist. MSS. Com.), 



iii, 175. 



* Lanes, and Ches. Antip Soc. x, 213, 



^ Gregson, Fragments (ed. Harland), 23. 

 ^ Statistics from Bd. of Agric. (1905). 



* In the knight's fees of Henry Earl of 

 Lancaster in 1349 the tenants of Down- 

 ham were the carl himself holding one 

 plough-land and 2 oxgangs of land in 

 demesne, where twenty plough-lands made 

 a knight's fee, Robert de Blackburn 

 one plough-land, John de Dinelay half a 

 plough-land, the heir of John son of 

 William 2 oxgangs of land, the heir of 

 Hugh de Downham I J oxgangs, the heir 

 of Robert Spendlovc ^ oxgang, the heir 

 of William son of Alan 1 oxgang, the 



heir of Henry le Heriz i oxgang and 

 he heir of Richard Cook 3J acres j 

 Lansdowne Feodary, printed in Raines' 

 Lanes. 



^ Lanes. Inq. and Extents (Rcc. Soc. 

 Lanes, and Ches.], i, 148 n. 



s Ibid. 150, Sir Robert de Chester 

 also held part of Worston (ibid. 216] and 

 occurs as witness to local charters ; 

 WhalUy Couch. (Chet, Soc), i, 73 :;, 320. 



''See note above. In 1296 the Earl 

 of Lincoln's receipts I'rom Downham 

 were : From the rector of Whallcy for 

 an assart, 4J. ; farm of lands, payable on 

 St. Giles's Day, ^^8 i ii. ^\d. ; of demesne 

 lands, ^3 13J. 4j/. J of mill, £x 141.; 

 of Alexander de Cuerdalc, loj. ; of 

 Mr. Henry de Clayton, \d. j of William 

 de Waddington, \%. \ and of Richard the 

 clerk of Downham \\d. in lieu of a pair 

 of gloves ; the sale of turf produced 

 2j. o\d.^ the fines and perquisites of 

 the halmote loi. 6<^., and the im- 

 pounding of beasts 21. ; Dt Lacy Compm 



