DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 79 



with heavy breathing that may be caxled "thick wind." In the one 

 nature will cure; while in the other there is needed a light diet that will 

 lessen the fat, and plenty of exercise. 



Guttural Pouches. There are two sacks not included in the organs 

 of respiration, that are near the phar3-nx and larynx. They are peculiar 

 to solipeds and their use is unknown. In health they contain air, but 

 sometimes pus collects in them, causing considerable interference with 

 respiration, 



Symptoms. Swelling on the side below the ear and an intermittent 

 discharge of matter from one or both nostrils, especially if head is low- 

 ered. The swelling is soft, and if pressed upon, matter will escape 

 from the nose, if head is lowered. 



What to Do. Turn the animal out to grass or feed from the 

 ground. In addition give the tonics recommended for "nasal gleet" or 

 as it is more properly called chronic catarrh. 



DISEASES WITHIN THE CHEST. 



How to Detect the Diseases Within the Chest. It is nec- 

 cessary to study the horse in health, as to pulse and respiration, to be 

 able to distinguish the change so as to recognize disease. Study care- 

 fully the MANIKIN OF THE HORSE, so as to be able to locate the 

 organs. 



Where to Take the Pulse. By this is meant the beating of 

 the arteries which correspond in number and character to the beating of 

 the heart. The artery usually selected for "taking the pulse" is the 

 submaxillary artery where it winds around the lower jaw-bone. On 

 the inner side of the jaw-bone the artery may be readily felt and to 

 "take the pulse" should be pressed against the bone. The number of 

 beats in a minute; the regularity or irregularity; the strength or feeble- 

 ness; and other peculiarities may be easily noted. 



Numher of Pulse Beats per Minute. In the healthy horse the 

 average number of beats in a minute is about forty. But in different 

 horses will vary from thirty-five to forty-five. In the low-breed large 

 lazy horse it will not be more than thirty-five, while in the highly- 

 bred nervous animal it may reach forty-five. Work and excitement 

 increase the number of pulsations. If the pulse of a horse be taken 

 while standing quietly in the stable, it will be less frequent than when 

 at pasture 



