82 THB HORSE. 



listening to the sounds. Generally the ear is placed directly against the 

 part but occassionally an instrument called the stethoscope is used. 

 The ear is best for horses. First, get accustomed to the sounds in a 

 healthy horse, which can be done by practice only. Then more patience 

 and practice with your sick animals and you will be able to distinguish 

 signs of disease and their indications. 



Percussion. This term in the practice of medicine means striking 

 some part of tne body to determine the condition of the internal organs. 

 If the wall of a cavity is struck the sound is easily distinguished from 

 that emitted when a solid substance is knocked npon. This method of 

 examination requires practice with the healthy as well as with the un- 

 healthy animal. 



Bronchitis. This is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes. The 

 mucous membrane lining the tubes may alone be affected or it may ex- 

 tend to the whole structure. When confined to the largest tubes it is less 

 serious than when the smaller ones are affected. 



Symptoms. The animal appears dull; appetite wholl}' or partially 

 lost; head hangs; the breathing is much quickened; the cough, at first 

 dry, and having somewhat the character of a "barking cough" is suc- 

 ceeded in a few days by a moist rattling cough; the mouth is hot; the 

 visible membranes in the nose are red; the pulse frequent, hard, and 

 quick in the first stages, but as disease advances becomes smaller and 

 more frequent. In a few days a whitish discharge from the nostrils, 

 which may be tinged with blood may make its appearance. The ribs 

 rise and fall more than is usual, which proves the animal has not the 

 pleurisy. The horse persists in standing throughout the attack. Urine 

 decreased in quantity and darker in color than usual. 



Bronchitis affecting the smaller tubes is one of the most fatal diseases, 

 while that of the larger is never serious. It is an extremely difficult 

 thing for the non-expert to discriminate between the two forms, and also 

 he will have difficulty in distinguishing between bronchitis and pneu- 

 monia. 



Treatment. Put animal in well ventilated box-stall. Cover body 

 with blanket. Hand rub legs till warm, then apply flannel band- 

 ages from hoof to knees and hocks. If the legs cannot be made 

 warm by rubbing apply liniment recommended for "sore-throat." Rub 

 in thoroughly and then put on bandages. Rub the same liniment over 

 side of chest, and that part of the side occupied by the lungs as indi- 

 cated by the MANIKIN OF THE HORSE;. Repeat application to 



